动物骨骼标本制作中脱脂漂白方法的探讨——以羊驼骨骼为例

Study on Defatting and Bleaching Methods in Animal Bone Specimen Preparation——A Exampe of Alpaca Bone Specimen

为了使骨骼标本经久耐用,寻找一种降低骨骼损伤且能高效脱脂漂白的方法,分别以210日龄雄性羊驼的大小相近的10对肋骨和全身其他骨骼为研究对象,开展了温度、氨水浓度及作用时间对动物骨骼的脱脂漂白效果试验。首先设置不同温度组(20、25、30、35℃),利用100 mL/L H_(2)O_(2)分别与2、4、6、8、10 mL/L氨水混合后进行脱脂漂白,4 h后观察效果,筛选出100 mL/L的H_(2)O_(2)和最适氨水浓度混合脱脂漂白溶液,确定最适温度;进一步对不同类型的骨骼(后肢骨、前肢骨、头骨、肋骨、细小骨)用筛选出的脱脂漂白溶液在最适温度条件下开展脱脂漂白试验,记录其脱脂漂白的最佳时间。结果表明,100 mL/L H_(2)O_(2)与6 mL/L氨水混合溶液,在25~30℃范围内时对羊驼肋骨的脱脂漂白效果最佳,脱脂漂白时间为4 h;对后肢骨、前肢骨、头骨、肋骨、细小骨等标志性骨骼在9、8、6、4、2 h时可达到最佳脱脂漂白效果。100 mL/L H_(2)O_(2)与6 mL/L氨水在25~30℃具有较好的脱脂漂白效果,其最佳脱脂漂白的时间与骨头的大小、密度、骨髓腔容量呈正相关性。

In order to make the bone specimen durable and find a way to reduce bone damage and effectively degrease and bleach,10 pairs of ribs and other bones of 210-day-old male alpaca with similar size were taken as the research objects,and the degreasing and bleaching effects of temperature,ammonia concentration and action time on animal bones were tested.Firstly,different temperature groups(20,25,30,35℃)were set up,and 100 mL/L H_(2)O_(2)was mixed with 2,4,6,8,10 mL/L ammonia water respectively,and then degreased and bleached.After 4 h,the effect was observed,the 100 mL/L H_(2)O_(2)and the optimum ammonia water concentration mixed degreased and bleached solution were screened out,and the optimum temperature was determined.For different types of bones(hindlimb bone,forelimb bone,skull,rib and small bones),the degreasing and bleaching test was carried out under the optimum temperature condition by using the selected degreasing and bleaching solution,and the optimum time of degreasing and bleaching was recorded.The results showed that the mixed solution of 100 mL/L H_(2)O_(2)and 6 mL/L ammonia water had the best degreasing and bleaching effect on alpaca ribs at 25-30℃,the degreasing and bleaching time was 4 h;The best degreasing and bleaching effect can be achieved at 9,8,6,4 h and 2 h for the symbolic bones such as hindlimb bones,forelimb bones,skull bones,ribs and small bones.100 mL/L H_(2)O_(2)and 6 mL/L ammonia water have good degreasing and bleaching effect at 25-30℃,and the optimal degreasing and bleaching time is positively correlated with bone size,density and bone marrow cavity volume.