ChatGPT侵权责任问题研究

Research on ChatGPT Tort Liability

ChatGPT等人工智能生成内容工具给现有法律体系带来了挑战。人工智能生成内容技术既存在侵犯著作权等知识产权的潜在风险,也极有可能导致对肖像权、名誉权、隐私权与个人信息权等人格权的侵害。然而,现有的法律法规难以化解上述侵权风险,人工智能生成内容应用场景下的侵权责任体系亟待重构。文章认为有难点:第一,侵权责任主体难以确定。在现行法律不承认人工智能民事主体资格的前提下,可能的责任主体包括数据提供者、算法设计者、生产者、使用者、网络入侵者等。第二,侵权责任的归责原则存在争议。无过错责任原则的适用缺乏法律规定,而过错责任原则的适用存在局限性。第三,侵权责任因果关系难以认定。由于ChatGPT系统的复杂性和“算法黑箱”的存在,导致因果关系难以查明。针对上述问题,文章基于法律的稳定性和谦抑性原则要求,对ChatGPT侵权责任规则构建提出了新的设想。

AI generated content such as ChatGPT poses challenges to the existing legal system.AI-generated content not only poses potential risks of infringing intellectual property rights such as copyright,but also leads to infringement of personality rights such as the right to portrait,reputation,privacy,and personal information.However,existing laws and regulations have failed to resolve the above-mentioned risks,thus,the infringement liability system of AI-generated content urgently needs to be reconstructed.It's argued that there are serveral difficulties:firstly,the subject of tort liability can not be determined.Under the premise that the civil subject qualification of AI has not been recognized by the existing law,potential liability subjects include data providers,algorithm designers,producers,users and network intruders.Secondly,there is controversy over the principle of liability for infringement.There is no clear stipulation of the principle of no-fault liability,and the principle of fault liability has limitations.Thirdly,it is difficult to determine the causal relationship of tort liability.Due to the complexity of ChatGPT and the“algorithmic black box”,causal relationships can't be determined.In response to the above issues,the article proposes new ideas for the construction of ChatGPT tort liability rules based on the principles of legal stability and modesty.