广州市卫生资源配置效率状况及其影响因素

Status of Health Resource Allocation Efficiency in Guangzhou and Its Influencing Factors

目的:分析2016-2021年广州市卫生资源配置的效率及其影响因素,为有关部门决策提供参考。方法:选取卫生技术人员、医疗机构床位数和卫生总费用作为投入指标,总诊疗人次和病床使用率作为产出指标,采用DEA-Malmquist指数法测度卫生资源配置的效率;利用灰色关联分析,从经济因素、人口因素、社会因素3个维度探究效率的影响因素。结果:2016年广州市平均综合效率为0.854,2021年平均综合效率为0.766,2016-2021年卫生资源配置的平均全要素生产率指数为0.938。2016-2021年,卫生资源配置效率影响因素的关联度依次为城镇化率(0.811)、60岁以上占总人口比重(0.792)、人均GDP(0.757)、社会消费品零售总额(0.728)。结论:广州市卫生资源配置效率总体呈下降趋势,全市各区之间卫生资源配置效率空间分异性明显。对于卫生资源配置效率影响最大的是人口因素,其次是经济因素和社会因素,政府需增加医疗卫生资源供给,优化医疗卫生资源布局,提高卫生资源的利用效率。

Objective:To analyze the efficiency of health resource allocation and its influencing factors in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2021,so as to provide a basis for decision-making by relevant departments.Methods:Health technicians,the number of beds in medical institutions and total health costs were selected as input indicators,the total number of consultations and bed utilization rate were taken as output indicators,and the DEA-Malmquist index method was used to measure the efficiency of health resource allocation.The gray correlation analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of efficiency in three dimensions of economic factors,demographic factors and social factors.Results:The average overall efficiency of Guangzhou in 2016 was 0.854,the average overall efficiency in 2021 was 0.766,and the average total factor productivity index of health resource allocation in 2016-2021 was 0.938.The correlations of factors influencing the efficiency of health resource allocation during 2016-2021 were,in order,urbanization ratio(0.811),the proportion of the total population aged 60 or above(0.792),GDP per capital(0.757),and total retail sales of social consumer goods(0.728).Conclusion:The overall trend of health resource allocation efficiency in Guangzhou is decreasing,and the spatial heterogeneity of health resource allocation efficiency among all districts is obvious.The most influential factor for health resource allocation efficiency is the demographic factor,followed by economic and social factors.The government needs to increase the supply of health care resources,optimize the balanced layout of health care resources,and improve the efficiency of health resource utilization.