固体氧化物燃料电池在移动交通领域的应用及研究进展

Application and research progress of solid oxide fuel cell in transportation

固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)是一种可以将化学能直接转化为电能的能量转换技术,具有效率高、燃料选择灵活、杂质耐受能力强等特点.近年来,人们越来越重视SOFC在移动交通领域的应用.从SOFC的工作原理出发,重点分析SOFC在移动交通领域的应用优势,并介绍SOFC在移动交通中的应用形式,包括作为辅助电力单元和动力系统,并计算出其作为动力系统的油井-车轮(well to wheel,WTW)效率为34%~39%,远高于内燃机(14%~17%)和电池(27%),展现了SOFC作为动力系统的巨大潜力.接着,重点讨论SOFC发电系统的研究进展,包括原理性验证、能效提高和作为动力系统的性能研究等.最后,总结了目前SOFC在移动交通领域的应用现状,并对其应用前景进行展望.SOFC在移动交通领域有巨大的应用潜力,将为交通领域脱碳开辟新的路径.

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is an energy conversion technology that can directly transform chemical energy into electric energy.It possesses characteristics of high efficiency,flexible fuel choice,and strong impurity tolerance.In recent years,there has been increased research focus on the application of SOFC in transportation.This study starts from the working principle of SOFC,analyses the application advantages of SOFC in transportation,and introduces the forms of application of SOFC in transportation,including as an aux-iliary power unit and powertrain.The calculated efficiency of well-to-wheel(WTW)as a power system is 34%-39%,which is much higher than that of internal combustion engines(14%-17%)and batteries(27%),demonstrating the potential of SOFC as a powertrain in transportation.Then,the research progress of the SOFC power system is presented,including principle verification,energy efficiency improvement,and research on the pow-ertrain performance.Finally,the current application status of SOFC in transportation is summarized,and its application prospects are discussed.SOFC holds substantial potential for application in transportation and can contribute to its decarbonization.