从东北方言的形成探析满汉文化接触与融合

The Exploration of Man-Han Culture Fusion from the Formation of Northeast Dialect

方言是一个地区地域文化的集中体现,是地域文化的活化石。方言的形成过程可以折射出地域文化的发展过程和变迁。清朝是东北方言形成的重要阶段。从满汉双语并存、满语汉语相互借词,到满汉语言转用,深度融合,再至东北方言的形成,毋庸置疑的是东北方言的形成与满汉民族、文化交融呈伴生关系,族群接触会促进语言接触,而语言接触变异也会进一步促进文化融合,因此,该文将二者综合考量,关注其形成与演变过程的一致性与相关性,从而揭示满汉文化融合的变化趋势。总之,以东北方言的形成过程为视角可以窥见东北地区在清朝时期的满汉融合变化趋势。在此过程中,语言扮演着记录者和推动者的双重角色。

Dialect,the living fossil of regional culture,can reflect the regional culture in a perfect way.The development and changing trends of regional culture can be revealed by the formation of dialect as well.Qing Dynasty is an important stage during which Northeast Dialect formed in four phrases—the coexistence of Manchu language and Chinese,mutual loanwords between Manchu language and Chinese,language shift from Manchu language to Chinese,deep blending of Manchu language and Chinese.The four phrases of Northeast Dialect were pushed by the interaction of Manchu culture and Han culture.So,from the perspective of the formation of Northeast Dialect,the fusion trends between Manchu and Han could be explored.In the process,language plays both roles of history recorder and pusher.