玛丽·普拉默与欧洲图书馆学的西传

Mary W.Plummer and the Westward Spread of European Library Science

[目的/意义]玛丽·普拉默是美国图书馆史上的重要人物,也是国际图书馆学知识交流的积极推动者。现有研究极少谈及普拉默与欧洲图书馆界的交流及其随后在美国对欧洲图书馆学的传播。[研究设计/方法]采用历史研究法,考述了普拉默1890、1894年两次游欧经历,尤其是其作为“观察家”从他者的眼光对欧洲图书馆事业的思考,以及1896年普拉特学院建立的以历史和目录学为中心的第二年项目。[结论/发现]第二年项目重在讲授图书与印刷史、摇篮本编目、古文书学等旨在培养“学者型馆员”的学问,在课程、教师、学生培养等环节都体现出鲜明的欧洲印记,是普拉默游欧影响的集中反映,促进了古典气息浓郁的欧洲图书馆学向美国的西传。[创新/价值]不同于以往研究较多关注美国作为图书馆学知识“输出方”对于他国的影响,从“输入方”的角度考察美国图书馆学所受的外来影响,有助于更为全面地揭示国际图书馆学知识交流的历程。

[Purpose/Significance]Mary W.Plummer was an important figure in the history of American librarianship and an active promoter of international exchange of library science knowledge.There are few studies about the communication between Plummer and the European library community and her subsequent dissemination of European library science in American.[Design/Methodology]Using the historical research method,this paper examined Plummer's two trips to Europe in 1890 and 1894,especially her reflection on the European librarianship from the perspective of an"observer",and the Second-Year Course centered on history and bibliography established by Pratt Institute in 1896.[Findings/Conclusion]The Second-Year Course focused on the history of book and printing,the cataloguing of incunabula,paleography and other subjects aimed at cultivating"learned librarians",which reflected the distinctive European imprint in the curriculum,teachers,students training and other aspects.The program was a concentrated reflection of the influence of the Plummer's tours of Europe,which promoted the westward spread of the classical European library science to the United States.[Originality/Value]Unlike previous studies that paid more attention to the influence of American library science as an"exporter"to other countries,this study considers American library science as an"importer",and examines the external influence of other countries on American library science,which helps to reveal the process of international library science knowledge exchange more comprehensively.