疑问代词构式“是谁X,我不说”探究

Interrogative Pronoun Construction "Shi Shui X, Wo Bu Shuo "Inquiry

疑问代词构式“是谁X,我不说”由常项构件“是谁”“我不说”,以及变项构件“X”构成。常项构件“是谁”在现代汉语中用来表达反问,因与后一常项构件互动从而产生新的构式义,即说话人借用设问的形式来指明对自己或者他人的描述和评价。“是谁X”中疑问代词因位于“是”的宾语位置,“是”字强调宾语“谁”成为对比焦点。“谁”的非疑问用法即特指和某指,所指称的对象可以为说话人或其他评价对象。此外,“我不说”不需给予听者回答从而使“是谁X”的焦点集中在疑问代词“谁”所指称的对象;构式具有向受话人调侃自我的交际意图、反映说话人的立场表达等语用功能。

The interrogative pronoun construction"Shi Shui X,Wo Bu Shuo"is composed of the constant component"Shi Shui","Wo Bu Shuo"and the variable component"X".In modern Chinese,the constant component"Shi Shui"is used to express the rhetorical question,and the interaction with the latter constant component generates a new constructional meaning,that is,the speaker uses the form of the question to indicate the description and evaluation of himself or others.The interrogative pronoun in"Shi Shui X"is located in the object position of"Shi".The word"Shi"emphasizes that the object"Shui"becomes the focus of contrast.The non interrogative use of"Shui"refers to Tezhi and Mouzhi,and the object referred to can be the speaker or other evaluative object.In addition,"Wo Bu Shuo"does not require an answer from the listener,so that the focus of"Shui X"is on the object referred to by the interrogative pronoun"Shui".The construction has pragmatic functions such as the communicative intention to tease the listener about oneself and reflecting the speaker's position expression.