铅锌矿选矿工艺、药剂及设备研究进展

Research Progress of Lead−zinc Ore Separation Process,Reagents and Equipments

铅锌是现代社会经济发展的关键基础原料,随着经济的快速增长导致铅锌的需求量不断增加,复杂难选铅锌矿产资源的高效回收利用愈发紧迫。分析了铅锌矿物可浮性易变、有用矿物易粉碎或单体解离困难、伴生有用组分分离回收复杂、难免金属离子干扰及矿泥恶化矿浆环境对铅锌矿选矿的影响。总结归纳了碎磨工艺流程、选别工艺流程、选矿药剂及选矿设备的研究应用进展。据此指出:由传统的破碎、球磨组成的多碎少磨工艺流程,引入棒磨、半自磨、搅拌磨及高压辊磨等,形成各具特色的碎磨工艺流程,成为了铅锌选矿实现简化流程、节能降耗及扩产增能的重要途径;浮选仍是铅锌矿选矿最有效且应用最广的选矿方法,充分利用矿物自然可浮性差异,选择合适的浮选工艺是矿物高效选别分离的关键,以浮选为主,联合重选、磁选、拣选及冶炼等工艺,充分发挥联合工艺的优势,是铅锌选矿的重要发展趋势;研究应用新型选矿药剂、常规选矿药剂组合使用,尤其是研发捕收性能强兼具选择性好的捕收剂,以及环保、低成本、高效的抑制剂和活化剂,一直是铅锌矿清洁高效选别回收利用的根本保障;结合矿石性质及选矿厂生产规模,合理使用半自磨机、高压辊磨机、移动破碎站、搅拌磨机及浮选柱等,对提升资源利用率、提高生产效率、降低生产成本及推进节能减排等具有重要意义。

Lead and zinc are key basic raw materials for modern social and economic development.With the rapid growth of the economy,the demand for lead and zinc increases gradually,and the efficient recycling and utilization of complex lead and zinc mineral resources is becoming increasingly urgent.The effects of the variable floatability of lead-zinc minerals,overgrinding or dissociation difficulty for useful minerals,complex separation and recovery of associated useful components,metal ions,and deterioration of slurry environment by ore mud in lead-zinc beneficiation are reviewed.The research and application progress of the crushing and grinding process,beneficiation process,beneficiation reagents,and beneficiation equipment are summarized.Based on this,it is pointed out that the traditional crushing and ball milling process,consisting of more crushing and less grinding,brings in rod milling,semi-automatic milling,stirring milling,and high-pressure roller milling,forming unique crushing and grinding processes,and has become an important way to simplify the process,save energy,reduce consumption,expand production and increase capacity in lead-zinc beneficiation.Flotation is still the most effective and widely used beneficiation method for lead-zinc ore.Base on the differences in the natural floatability of minerals,a suitable flotation process is the key to efficient separation of minerals.flotation as the main method,combined with gravity separation,magnetic separation,sorting separation,and smelting,and fully utilizing the advantages of combined processes are an important development trend for lead-zinc beneficiation.The research and application of novel reagents and the combination of conventional reagents,especially the collectors with strong collection performance and good selectivity,as well as environmentally friendly,low-cost,and efficient inhibitors and activators,are always been the basic guarantee for clean and efficient recovery of lead-zinc ore.Combining the properties of the ore and the production scale of the beneficiation plant,the suitable uses of semi-automatic mills,high-pressure roller mills,mobile crusher stations,stirring mills,and flotation columns,are of great significance in improving resource utilization and production efficiency,reducing production costs,and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction.