农村0~3岁婴幼儿照护的家庭支持需求分析

Analysis of Family Support Needs for the Care of Infants and Toddlers Aged 0~3 in Rural Areas

提高人口出生率和人口质量是当前我国的一项基本国策,要提升社会的生育意愿,就需要做好家庭婴幼儿照护的支持工作。当前我国农村地区0~3岁婴幼儿照护社会公共服务体系建设还不完善,社会各界对农村家长的照护需求缺乏必要的关注和了解。本研究通过半结构化访谈对河南、江苏、安徽三省33位农村0~3岁婴幼儿家长的照护需求进行调查发现,农村家庭0~3岁婴幼儿照护的支持需求主要体现在婴幼儿养育支持、教育支持和条件性支持三个方面。进一步研究发现,农村家庭在婴幼儿照护过程中对经济、家长教育、心理健康、再就业等方面的条件性支持的需求更为强烈,对家庭内部的协同照护、邻里支持等非正式支持更为偏爱,同时对心理健康的支持也有明显的需求。为提升农村家庭的婴幼儿照护质量,促进婴幼儿身心健康协调以及家庭的可持续发展,政府部门应进一步加强农村婴幼儿照护公共服务体系建设,引导妇联、学校等社团组织和专业机构积极参与农村婴幼儿照护服务,强化新型农村邻里互助组织和互助文化建设。

Increasing the birthrate and improving the quality of the population is a fundamental policy of China at present.To elevate the societal willingness to have children,it’s essential to provide adequate support for infant and toddler care at home.Currently,the public service system for the care of infants and toddlers aged 0~3 in rural areas of China is not well-established,and various sectors lack the necessary attention and understanding of the caregiving needs of rural parents.Through semi-structured interviews,this study surveyed the caregiving needs of 33 parents of infants and toddlers aged 0~3 in the rural areas of Henan,Jiangsu,and Anhui provinces.It was found that support for caregiving in rural households mainly manifests in three areas:child-rearing support,educational support,and conditional assistance.Further research revealed that rural families have a stronger need for conditional assistance in terms of finance,parent education,mental health,and reemployment during the caregiving process.They also have a preference for informal intra-family collaborative care and neighborhood support.Additionally,there’s a noticeable demand for mental health support.To enhance the quality of infant and toddler care in rural families and to promote the harmonious physical and mental development of infants and toddlers,as well as the sustainable development of households,governmental departments should further strengthen the construction of the public service system for infant and toddler care in rural areas.They should also guide women’s federations,schools,and other societal organizations,along with professional institutions,to actively participate in the care services of infants and toddlers in rural areas and reinforce the establishment of modern rural neighborhood mutual assistance organizations and culture.