导向伸缩式残膜捡拾装置设计与试验

Design and test of guided telescopic film pickup device

针对传统伸缩杆齿式残膜捡拾装置可靠性差、捡拾率低、缠膜率高等问题,基于定心直动滚子凸轮机构,设计一种导向伸缩式残膜捡拾装置。根据残膜捡拾的工作要求对捡拾装置关键部件进行设计,确定残膜捡拾装置中凸轮导轨盘、拾膜滚筒以及弹齿轴总成的主要结构参数。为验证捡拾装置作业性能,以机具前进速度、拾膜滚筒转速、弹齿入土深度为试验因素,以拾膜率和缠膜率为试验指标开展正交试验。试验结果表明:影响拾膜率和缠膜率的因素主次顺序均为拾膜滚筒转速、弹齿入土深度、机具前进速度,较优参数组合为拾膜滚筒转速55 r/min、弹齿入土深度40 mm、机具前进速度4 km/h。在较优参数组合下进行田间验证试验,结果表明,拾膜率为88.87%,缠膜率为1.51%,满足残膜回收作业要求,为导向伸缩式残膜捡拾装置的结构设计、优化提供参考。

Aiming at the problems of poor reliability,low film pickup rate and high wrapping rate of the traditional telescopic pole tine type film pickup device,a guided telescopic film pickup device was designed based on the centered direct-action roller cam.The key components of the pickup device were designed according to the working requirements of film picking,and the main structural parameters of the cam guide disc,pickup drum and spring tooth shaft assembly in the film pickup device were determined.In order to verify the operational performance of the pickup device,orthogonal tests were conducted with the machine advancing velocity,the speed of the film pickup roller,and the depth of the teeth into the soil as the test factors,and the film pickup rate and film wrapping rate as the test indexes.The test results showed that the primary and secondary factors affecting the film pickup rate and wrapping rates were the speed of the film pickup roller,the depth of the bullet teeth into the soil and the machine advancing velocity.The optimal operating parameters were the speed of the film pickup roller by 55 r/min,the depth of the bullet teeth into the soil by 40 mm and the machine advancing velocity by 4 km/h.The results showed that the film pickup rate was 88.87%and the film wrapping rate was 1.51%,which satisfied the requirements of the residual film recovery operation.The research results can provide reference for the structural design and optimization of the guided telescopic film pickup device.