农田耕整阻力测试方法现状及发展趋势

Current situation and development trend of testing methods for tillage resistance

农田耕整是作物生产的重要环节,作业质量直接影响作物产量。土壤耕整过程也是占用生产全程能源较大比重的环节,其作业过程实际也是克服土壤机械阻力的过程,科学利用耕整能耗能够显著提高种植效益。耕整载荷准确、实时测量是实现作业精准调控的前提。通过列举国内外常用的载荷测试方法,分析优缺点,介绍几种新型测量方法,并研究国内外关于测试系统开发和预测模型的过程。对我国耕整载荷测试方法进行总结,指出存在缺乏专用传感器、耕作阻力模型研究较少以及测试方案落后等问题。最后提出开展多维力传感器在测试方法中的应用研究,开展小尺寸、大量程、高强度的传感元件研究,加强耕作阻力预测模型的研究,加强载荷不变式传递结构的研发等发展建议。

Farmland tillage is an important link in crop production,and the quality of operation directly affects crop yield.Soil tillage is also a process that occupies a large proportion of energy in the whole production process,and its operation process is actually a process to overcome soil mechanical resistance.Scientific use of tillage energy can significantly improve planting efficiency.Accurate and real-time measurement of tillage load is the prerequisite for realizing accurate operation control.This paper enumerated the commonly used load test methods at home and abroad,analyzed their advantages and disadvantages,introduced several new measurement methods,and studied the research process of test system development and prediction model at home and abroad,summarized the tillage load test methods in China,pointed out the lack of special sensors,research on tillage resistance model and the backward test program,and finally given development suggestions:research on the application of multi-dimensional force sensors in test methods,research on small size,large range and high strength sensing elements,strengthening the research of tillage resistance prediction model,strengthening the research and development of load invariant transfer structure.