数据管理机构的建设进展比较分析及其启示——以中欧美英澳为例

Comparative Analysis of the Status Quo of Construction of Data Management Institutions and Its Implications Based on Investigation of China,European Union,US,UK,and Australia

[目的/意义]对全球范围内主要国家和地区数据管理机构的建设情况展开调查,旨在为我国组建国家数据局的背景下探索我国数据管理机构的职能优化提供参照。[方法/过程]调查中国、欧盟、美国、英国和澳大利亚5个国家和地区的数据管理机构,梳理与整合有关职能描述的文本内容与相关实践,比较分析发现不同国家与地区数据管理机构设置及其职能设计情况。[结果/结论]欧盟、英国和澳大利亚形成了相对明确的主导机构,职能侧重有所差异;美国以灵活的委员会形式推进工作;我国设置了行政力量相对充分的主导机构,更具全局性的职能设计,国家与地方可形成系统联动的组织架构。基于此,从厘清数据治理和管理职能指导机构设置、参考域外实践经验以充实机构职能内容、基于数据要素市场化导向扩展数据对象、以推动职能落实为目标优化机构设置思路4个方面提出优化我国数据管理机构的策略。

[Purpose/significance] Exploring the construction of major national and regional data management institutions worldwide aims to provide reference for the function optimization of Chinese data management institutions.[Method/process] By investigating into the data management institutions of China,the EU,the US,the UK,and Australia,and analyzing textual descriptions and related practices of functions,data management institutions and their functions in different countries and regions were identified.[Result/conclusion] With comparative analysis,it is found that the EU,the UK,and Australia have relatively clear leading institutions,but their functional emphases differ:the US promotes its business through flexible committee structures;the characteristics of Chinese data management intuitions lie in relatively sufficient administrative power,more comprehensive functional design,and organizational structure that facilitates linkage of national and local agencies.The optimal construction of China's data management organization can be carried out from four aspects:clarifying the establishment of data governance and management functions to guide the organization,referring to external practical experience to enrich the functional content of the organization,expanding data objects based on the market-oriented orientation of data elements,and optimizing the establishment ideas to promote the implementation of functions.