时间副词“早已”的时体特征及成词过程

A Study on Aspect-Tense Characteristics and Lexical Formation of the Temporal Adverb“Zaoyi”

现代汉语中“早已”表事件情状时间在说话时间之前已然实现,且事件情状时间与说话时间距离远。状语位置上“早已”的语义是由动词的情状决定的,在“早已+VP[达成]”语境中,“早已”作强化词,通过凸显动作结果实现早来强化结果所关联动作的程度义。从“早已”的共时功能来看,其成词标准应是:整体作强化词,充当超越时体意义的句法成分。共时形式意义的分布总是和历时变化息息相关,参考时间副词共时上的分布特征,有利于其历时演变研究。

In modern Chinese,“zaoyi”indicates that some event has been realized and the time of its realization is far before the time of utterance.When used as an adverb,the semantics of“zaoyi”is determined by the situation of the verb,in the context of“zaoyi+VP[achievement]”,“zaoyi”serves as an intensifier,reinforcing the degree of the result-associated actions by highlighting the early realization of the result.The synchronic function of“zaoyi”reveals that the criterion for its formation can be its function of being an intensifier and its role of being a syntactic constituent beyond tense and aspect.The distribution of the meaning of synchronic forms is always closely related to diachronic changes,taking the synchronic distribution of temporal adverbs as a reference might be beneficial to the study of their diachronic evolution.