青年马克思对“物质利益难事”的解决及思想转变

Young Marx′s solution to"material interests difficulties"and the ideological transformation

马克思在《莱茵报》时遇到了“物质利益难事”,当时正值青年的马克思在思想上秉持黑格尔的理性国家观,认为国家是理性的最高体现,代表了大多数人的普遍利益。然而,马克思发现,现实中的政治国家不仅没有体现出理性原则,反而时刻维护特权等级的私人利益。这种思想观念与现实问题之间的冲突使马克思陷入了“对物质利益发表意见的难事”。马克思以“物质利益难事”为着眼点,尝试从政治国家层面、市民社会层面和政治经济学层面解决这一难事。这促使青年马克思的思想发生了巨大转变,从研究政治国家转向研究政治经济学,进而建立了科学的历史唯物主义,提出了人的解放思想,完善了共产主义理论。

Marx encountered"material interests difficulties"in the period of Rheinische Zeitung.At that time,as a young man,Marx upheld Hegel′s rational view of the country,believing that the country was the highest manifestation of rationality and represented the general interests of the majority of people.However,Marx found that in reality,political states not only failed to embody rational principles,but also constantly safeguarded the private interests of privileged people.The conflict between this concept and the practical issues put Marx into the difficulty of expressing opinions on material interests.Focusing on the"material interests difficulties",Marx attempted to solve this problem from the perspectives of the political state,civil society,and political economy,which led to a significant change in his thinking from the study of the political state to that of political economy,thus establishing scientific historical materialism,proposing the liberation of human thought and improving the theory of communism.