补贴模式优化与农机装备制造企业高质量发展

Optimization of Subsidy Model and High Quality Development of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises

农机装备在保障我国粮食安全及主要农产品供给中发挥着重要作用,如何促进农机企业高质量发展成为经济社会各界所关心的议题。针对农机企业而言,农机购置补贴在客观上形成了产业政策的效果,对企业创新产生负向溢出效应。基于上述问题,本研究提出了一种更为优化的补贴模式以解决农机企业创新难的困境,即差异化定额补贴模式。通过构建理论模型分析发现,实施差异化定额补贴会导致低质量农机市场需求减少而高质量农机市场需求增加。市场需求的结构性变动将进一步影响农机企业创新,具体表现为低质量农机市场需求的减少会加速行业内部竞争,而高质量农机市场需求的扩张会引导企业加大研发投入,通过竞争激励和需求引导两条路径来促进农机企业创新。为实现农机企业高质量发展,建议将农机产品核心性能参数纳入产品分档分级指标体系中进而构建差异化的补贴标准,同时需要加强农机装备鉴定服务供给能力,并为农户购机提供信贷支持。

Agricultural machinery and equipment play a crucial role in ensuring China’s food security and the supply of major agricultural products.Promoting the high-quality development of agricultural machinery enterprises has become a topic of concern across various sectors of the economy and society.As far as agricultural machinery enterprises are concerned,the subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery objectively form the effect of industrial policy,and have negative spillover effects on enterprise innovation.To address these issues,this study proposes an optimized subsidy model,namely the differentiated fixed subsidy model.By constructing a theoretical model,it is observed that implementing the differentiated fixed subsidy will lead to reduced market demand for lowquality agricultural machinery while increasing demand for high-quality alternatives.This shift in market demand structure will further impact enterprise innovation;on one hand,decreased demand for low-quality agricultural machinery will intensify industry competition and stimulate enterprise innovation;on the other hand,increased demand for high-quality agricultural machinery will prompt enterprises to enhance research and development investments to foster innovation within the sector.In order to achieve self-reliance in the agricultural machinery industry,it is recommended that core performance parameters of such products be incorporated into product grading index systems to establish differentiated subsidy standards.Additionally,there is a need to strengthen identification processes for assessing capacity related to agriculture machinery and equipment services while providing credit support for farmers’purchases.