不同坡面微集雨措施对红花生长的影响

Effects of Different Micro Rainwater Harvesting Measures on Safflower Growth

[目的]利用微集雨技术在伊犁河谷温性荒漠类草地坡面种植红花,为红花旱作种植和草地水蚀荒漠化防治提供技术支撑。[方法] 2021年4—9月在新疆伊宁市铁厂沟观测场布设了对照、凹坑、水平阶、方片埂、等高垄5个处理,使用径流小区自然降雨观测法监测了降雨量,各处理的径流量、土壤流失量,以及红花生长等数据,用TDR监测了0—10 cm土层含水量,用FAO Penman-Monteith模型估算了红花潜在蒸散发量。[结果]观测期总降雨量为53.1 mm,红花潜在蒸散发量呈“先增加,后减少”的趋势。5种措施中,对照处理的径流量最大,为6.50×10^(-2) mm,该处理红花未出苗;方片埂处理的土壤流失量最大,为0.684 t/km^(2)。5种处理表层土壤含水量在6月最低,平均值为1.50%。未观测到径流的凹坑处理开花期红花存活16株,株高25.3 cm,生长最好。[结论]开花期5种微集雨小区红花长势的顺序为:凹坑>水平阶、方片埂、等高垄>对照。观测小区总径流量越少,越有利于红花的存活和生长。

[Objective]The cultivation of safflower with micro rainwater harvesting technology on the hillslopes of the temperate desert grassland in Yili Valley was evaluated in order to provide technical support for dryland cultivation of safflower and for preventing water erosion and desertification.[Methods]The study was conducted from April to September 2021 at the Tiechanggou observation field in Yining City,Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region.Five runoff plot treatments were set up:control,pit,horizontal terrace,square ridge,and contour ridge.Natural rainfall was observed,as well as runoff,soil loss,and safflower growth for each treatment.The soil moisture content in the 0—10 cm layer was monitored by time-domain reflectometry,and the potential evapotranspiration of safflower was simulated by the FAO Penman-Monteith model.[Results]The total rainfall during the study was 53.1 mm,and the potential evapotranspiration of safflower initially increased and then decreased.Runoff for the control treatment was the highest of all of the treatments(6.50×10^(-2) mm),and safflower in this treatment did not emerge.Soil loss was greatest for the square ridge treatment(0.684 t/km^(2)).The surface soil water content of the five treatments was the lowest in June,with a mean value of 1.50%.No runoff was observed for the pit treatment,and this treatment showed the highest plant survival number(16)and plant height at flowering(25.3 cm).[Conclusion]Safflower growth at flowering for the five micro rainwater harvesting plots followed the order of pit>horizontal terrace,square ridge,contour ridge>control.Better conditions for safflower survival and growth were observed as total runoff declined.