一种控制隧道排水系统结晶堵塞的新型除垢剂研发与性能研究

Development and Performance of a Novel Cleaner for Controlling Crystallization Clogging in Tunnel Drainage System

为解决在全球范围内普遍存在的隧道结晶问题,研究一种新型除垢剂。通过采集隧道结晶垢样可知,水样中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、CO_(3)^(2-)、SO_(4)^(2-)的含量较低,HCO_(3)^(-)含量较高,以及弱碱性环境是结晶形成的主要原因;使用能谱分析和扫描电镜表征其组成和微观结构可知,隧道结晶物的主要成分是方解石型的碳酸钙。选用模拟实验装置来研究水样/除垢剂质量比对除垢速率的影响,通过主剂、辅剂相结合的方式,利用响应面方法优化除垢剂配方,并进行腐蚀性和溶解性的安全性检测。研究结果表明:1)最佳配比为质量分数为7.5%~8.5%的氨基磺酸、0.2%~0.8%的DTPMPA和0.2%~0.8%的PBTCA;2)经实验室模拟验证,除垢率为85%~99.8%,并可根据实际情况调整除垢剂配比以满足不同环境下的除垢要求。

A novel cleaner specifically designed to mitigate crystallization-induced clogging in tunnel drainage systems is introduced.Analysis of the tunnel crystal samples reveals low concentrations of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),CO_(3)^(2-), and SO_(4)^(2-) and a notably high average concentration of HCO_(3)^(-).This high HCO_(3)^(-) concentration signifies a predominantly weak alkaline environment,which was identified as the primary cause of crystallization.Utilizing energy spectrum analysis and scanning electron microscopy,the composition and microstructure of the tunnel crystal are characterized,establishing calcite-type calcium carbonate as its primary component.To assess the effectiveness of the cleaner,a simulated experimental device was employed to explore the impact of the water sample-cleaner mass ratio on the cleaning rate.To optimize the formulation of the cleaner,the response surface method is employed by combining the main and auxiliary agents.In addition,safety tests for corrosion and solubility were conducted.The results unveil the following key findings:(1)The most effective mixing proportions comprise 7.5%~8.5%sulfonic acid,0.2%~0.8%DTPMPA,and 0.2%~0.8%PBTCA.(2)The indoor simulations exhibit a cleaning rate fluctuating between 85%and 99.8%.Adjusting the proportions of materials according to different environmental conditions is essential for achieving an optimal cleaning effect.