叙事护理在癌症患者中的应用进展

Progress in the application of narrative nursing in cancer patients

随着医学科技的不断进步,癌症患者的五年生存率不断提高,生命周期延长,而将肿瘤作为一种慢性病来进行治疗,也是近年来医学发展的新趋势。因此,疾病的全生命周期管理异常重要,因为癌症患者不仅要承受疾病本身的痛苦,同时还要承受长期疾病所带来的心理方面的影响。在生物-心理-社会医学模式和人文关怀的背景下,叙事护理是后现代心理学的叙事疗法和临床护理结合的一种新的心理护理模式,旨在通过患者的故事深入了解其问题并帮助实现故事意义重构,启发对方多角度思考自身故事,从而发现自身潜在力量,达到疗愈心灵的目的。癌症患者是叙事医学应着重关注的群体,在癌症晚期患者中,叙事护理的实施还可以帮助护士更深入地了解患者,帮助护士和患者之间建立更有效的沟通,提高患者的生活质量。本文论述叙事医学的来源及叙事护理的产生,对叙事护理在国内外癌症患者中的实施现状进行综述,并对癌症患者护理开展叙事护理模式提出建议,旨在为适合我国的叙事护理模式提供参考。

With the continuous progress of medical technology,the five-year survival rate of cancer patients continues to improve,and the life cycle is extended.Treating tumors as a chronic disease is also a new trend in medical development in recent years.Therefore,the full lifecycle management of diseases is extremely important,as cancer patients not only have to endure the pain of the disease itself,but also the psychological impact of long-term diseases.In the context of the biological psychological social medical model and humanistic care,narrative nursing is a new psychological nursing model that combines narrative therapy and clinical nursing in postmodern psychology.It aims to deeply understand patients'problems through their stories and help reconstruct the meaning of the story,inspire them to think about their own stories from multiple perspectives,discover their potential power,and achieve the goal of healing the soul.Cancer patients are a group that narrative medicine should focus on.Among advanced cancer patients,the implementation of narrative care can also help nurses gain a deeper understanding of patients,establish more effective communication between nurses and patients,and improve the quality of life of patients.This article discusses the origin of narrative medicine and the emergence of narrative nursing,reviews the current implementation status of narrative nursing in cancer patients at home and abroad,and proposes suggestions for developing narrative nursing models for cancer patient care,aiming to provide reference for narrative nursing models suitable for China.