Ⅳ型菌毛可视化方法及其在菌毛功能研究中的应用

Visualization method of type Ⅳ pili and its application in the study of pili function

Ⅳ型菌毛(type Ⅳ pili,TFP)作为细菌表面的重要蛋白结构,是细菌的感知器官及运动器官,在细菌生理学、细胞黏附、宿主细胞入侵、DNA摄取、蛋白质分泌、生物被膜形成、细胞运动和电子传递等方面发挥着多种作用。近年来,随着研究方法的深入和技术设备的发展,尤其是随着多种菌毛可视化工具的开发,越来越多的研究揭示了它在生命活动中的各种功能,大大加快了微生物单细胞领域的研究步伐。本文重点讨论了TFP可视化方法及在菌毛功能研究中的应用,为更好地研究和利用TFP功能提供更多的思路,为其未来在生物学、医学以及生态学中的应用提供一定的理论基础。

As an important protein structure on the surface of bacteria,type Ⅳ pili(TFP)is the sensing and moving organ of bacteria.It plays a variety of roles in bacterial physiology,cell adhesion,host cell invasion,DNA uptake,protein secretion,biofilm formation,cell movement and electron transmission.With the rapid development of research methods,technical equipment and pili visualization tools,increasing number of studies have revealed various functions of pili in cellular activities,which greatly facilitated the microbial single cell research.This review focuses on the pili visualization method and its application in the functional research of TFP,providing ideas for the research and application of TFP in biology,medicine and ecology.