山东省小麦粉镉污染状况调查及膳食暴露评估

Investigation of cadmium contamination in wheat flour and assessment on dietary exposure in Shandong Province

目的了解山东省各市小麦、小麦粉的镉污染水平,对居民经小麦粉摄入镉的健康风险进行初步评估。方法在山东省16市农贸市场、商店超市、农户中采集小麦、小麦粉共计1789份样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行镉含量测定;结合小麦粉消费量数据,对山东省居民通过小麦粉途径的镉暴露风险进行评估。结果检测数据表明,小麦镉含量明显高于小麦粉中镉含量(Z=-12.50,P<0.001)。小麦和小麦粉镉含量均存在地区差异。风险评估结果显示,小麦粉平均消费水平的人群每月镉摄入量(EMI)为1.18μg/kg·BW,占暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)的4.72%;小麦粉高消费人群EMI为2.87μg/kg·BW,占PTMI的11.47%。结论山东省居民平均消费人群通过小麦粉途径的镉暴露风险较低,但镉含量较高的地市的小麦粉高消费人群膳食镉暴露风险仍需进一步关注。

Objective This study was designed to investigate cadmium(Cd)pollution levels in wheat and wheat flour in different cities of Shandong Province,as well as conduct preliminary health risk assessment of Cd intake via wheat flour.Methods 1789 samples of wheat or wheat flour were collected from farmers’markets,supermarkets,and farmers in 16 cities of Shandong Province.Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was performed to determine the Cd content in wheat.Based on the data of residents’wheat flour consumption,the risk of Cd exposure of residents through wheat flour was estimated.Results The Cd level of wheat was higher than that of wheat flour(Z=-12.50,P<0.001),and there were differences among cities in Cd levels in both wheat and wheat flours.The estimated monthly intake(EMI)of the average consumer group in Shandong Province was 1.18μg/kg·BW,accounting for 4.72%of the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI).The EMI of the high-consumption population of wheat flour was 2.87μg/kg·BW,accounting for 11.47%of the PTMI.Conclusion The exposure risk of dietary Cd from wheat flour in the average consumer population of Shandong Province is low;however,further attention should be paid to the exposure risk to dietary Cd in high wheat-flour consumers in cities with relatively high Cd content.