亲子关系与小学生抑郁的关系:学业压力的中介作用与心理素质的调节作用

The Relationship between Parent-Child Relationship and Depression of Elementary School Students:The Mediating Role of Academic Pressure and Regulatory Effect of Psychological Quality

抑郁作为评估个体心理健康问题的重要指标,其低龄化趋势日渐明显.目前,我国小学儿童的抑郁检出率偏高,严重影响其学习、生活和健康成长.探究小学生抑郁的影响因素及其内在联系,对于指导学校心理健康教育,维护儿童心理健康具有重要意义.采用整群抽样法对来自四川省3所小学4~6年级3853名学生进行在线问卷调研,结果发现:①亲子关系负向预测小学生的抑郁水平;②学业压力在亲子关系和小学生抑郁的关系中起中介作用,具体表现为亲子关系越好,小学生感知到的学业压力越低,抑郁水平也越低;③心理素质能够调节学业压力和抑郁的关系,即高心理素质的小学生在面对学业压力时更不容易产生抑郁情绪.

As an important indicator of mental health,depression has an increasing trend towards younger.At present,the detection rate of depression is high in elementary school children in China,which seriously affects students'school learning,daily life and healthy growth.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the influencing factors of elementary school students'depression and its internal relation so as to guide school mental health education and maintaining children's mental health.A cluster sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey on 3853 students in grades 4-6 of three elementary schools in Sichuan Province.The results indicated that:①Parent-child relationship negatively predicted depression of elementary school students.②Academic stress mediated the effect of parent-child relationship on elementary school students'depression.Specifically,better parent-child relationship was associated with lower perceived academic stress and lower levels of depression in elementary school students.③Psychological suzhi moderated the influence of academic stress on depression,that is,students with high psychological suzhi were less likely to have depression when facing academic stress.