深圳市建成区城市植物的种类构成

Species Composition of Urban Plants in Built-up Areas of Shenzhen

城市绿地中的优势植物、有害植物、珍稀濒危植物等各类植物对城市居民的安全健康、景观效果乃至生态系统服务功能都有重要影响,但目前对城市植物种类构成分析的研究较少.基于深圳市建成区城市植物600个1 hm^(2)样地的实地调查数据,分析各类型城市植物的种类构成特征,并对其管控措施提出建议.本次调查共记录深圳市建成区城市植物963种,根据重要值选出优势种30种,有害植物包括有毒植物97种、入侵植物48种、花粉致敏植物186种,此外珍稀濒危植物45种.主要优势植物中相对多度最高的是乔木榕树(Ficus microcarpa)、灌木鹅掌藤(Heptapleurum arboricola)和草本沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella).入侵植物中87.50%是草本植物,70.83%来源于美洲,重要值较高的地毯草(Axonopus compressus)已经成为深圳市建成区草本群落的优势入侵物种.有毒植物以大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、天南星科(Araceae)为主,毒性大、中、小的植物各有33,38和26种,在道路绿地分布数量最多.珍稀濒危植物中有极危(CR)物种6种、濒危(EN)物种10种、易危(VU)物种22种;种数以公园绿地最高,共发现95株有病害、190株发生虫害、151株生长不良.该调查揭示了各类型城市植物在深圳市建成区的种类构成和分布特征,为城市植物多样性研究、城市植物多样性保护与利用提供一定的参考.

The dominant plants,harmful plants,rare and endangered plants,and other urban plants in urban green spaces have an important impact on the safety and health of urban residents,landscape effect,and even ecosystem service function,but there were still few studies on the analysis of urban plant species composition.Based on the field survey data of 6001-hectare sample plots of urban plants in the built-up area of Shenzhen,this paper analyzes the essential characteristics of the species composition of various types of urban plants,and puts forward some suggestions on the control measures.A total of 963 species of urban plants in the built-up area of Shenzhen were recorded,and 30 dominant species were selected according to the value of importance.Harmful plants included 97 species of toxic plants,48 species of invasive plants,186 species of allergenic pollen plants.In addition,there were 45 species of rare and endangered plants.Among the main dominant plants,species with the highest relative abundance were the arbor(Ficus macrocarpa),shrub(Heptapleurum arboricola)and herb(Zoysia matrella).Among the invasive plants,87.50%were herbaceous plants and 70.83%came from America.Axonopus compressus,with high importance,has become the dominant invasive species of herbaceous community in the built-up area of Shenzhen.The poisonous plants were mainly Euphorbiaceae and Araceae.There were 33,38 and 26 species of plants with high,medium and low toxicity,respectively,with the highest abundance occurred in the road green space.Among the rare and endangered plants,there were six species of extremely endangered(CR),ten species of endangered(EN)and 22 species of vulnerable(VU).The number of species was the highest in the park green space.A total of 95 plants suffered from diseases,190 plants suffered from insect pests,and 151 plants exhibited poor growth.This paper reveals the species composition and distribution characteristics of various types of urban plants in the built-up area of Shenzhen,which provides a certain reference for the study of urban plant diversity,the protection and utilization of urban plants.