新能源汽车生产商与梯次利用企业合作商业模式选择机制研究——基于退役电池梯次利用视角

Research on Cooperation Business Model Selection Mechanism between New Energy Vehicle Manufacturers and Ladder Utilization Enterprises:Based on the Perspective of Retired Battery Ladder Utilization

随着新能源汽车产业的快速发展,回收利用新能源汽车动力电池不仅是亟待解决的问题,也为产业链多方主体带来了新机遇。本文分别构建了市场机制和政策影响下的梯次利用合作商业模式选择博弈模型,通过稳定性分析和数值仿真研究发现:(1)新能源汽车生产商和梯次利用企业可形成四种合作商业模式,每种合作模式的达成均需满足一定条件;(2)新能源汽车生产商和梯次利用企业并非总能达成合作,当处于无法形成稳定合作商业模式时,降低电池回收网点运营成本、降低双方交易费用或提高电池梯次利用后的剩余价值均可助于打破“僵局”;(3)当新能源汽车生产商和梯次利用企业已达成稳定的合作商业模式时,政府补贴和监管力度的变化不能为双方合作起到助推作用,当双方处于合作“僵局”时,提高网点建设补贴或加强梯次利用监管可促进形成稳定合作,但作用机制不同。

With the intensification of global warming and the depletion of petroleum resources,the promotion and use of new energy vehicles have become an important initiative for China to cope with the pressure of energy security,ecological and environmental protection.However,as the ownership of new energy vehicles continues to rise in China,the recycling of decommissioned batteries has become an urgent problem.According to the forecast of China Automotive Technology and Research Center,the number of retired power batteries reached 200,000 tons in 2020,and it is estimated that the annual scrap of power batteries may reach 350,000 tons by 2025.In fact,the retired batteries of new energy vehicles still have nearly 80%capacity.Although they can’t be used for new energy vehicles,they can be used in many scenarios such as power stations,substations and home energy storage.This way of exerting the surplus value of power batteries and realizing degraded application is ladder utilization.As important subjects of retired battery recycling,new energy vehicle manufacturers and ladder utilization enterprises urgently need to explore and form a stable and mature cooperative business model in battery recycling.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to deeply explore the“win-win”business model of new energy vehicle manufacturers and ladder utilization enterprises under the market mechanism,and further study the effective boosting mechanism of government policies for solving the development problem of power battery industry.The existing research on the ladder utilization of power batteries in new energy vehicles mainly focuses on product pricing,strategy selection in maximizing the interests of automobile manufacturers,and how to implement policies to improve the recovery rate and recovery efficiency.The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,the ladder utilization enterprises are included in the research framework,and four business models of cooperation between new energy vehicle manufacturers and ladder utilization enterprises are put forward;Secondly,from the market role and government influence,we explore the Pareto equilibrium of maximizing the strategic income of the new energy vehicle manufacturers and the ladder utilization enterprises;Third,we come up with the methods and countermeasures to solve the“deadlock”(the two sides can not reach a stable cooperation model).In this paper,the game models of ladder utilization cooperative business model selection under the influence of market mechanism and government participation are constructed respectively.Through stability analysis and numerical simulation,it is found that:(1)New energy vehicle manufacturers and ladder utilization enterprises can form four cooperative business models.They can reach stable cooperation only if certain conditions are met.(2)When new energy vehicle manufacturers and ladder utilization enterprises are in a deadlock that cannot form a stable business model,reducing the operating cost of battery recycling outlets and the transaction costs of both sides or increasing the residual value of batteries after ladder utilization can all help to break the deadlock.(3)When new energy vehicle manufacturers and ladder utilization enterprises have reached a stable cooperative business model,changes in government subsidies and supervision can not boost the cooperation between the two sides.When the two sides are in a“deadlock”in cooperation,increasing subsidies for recycling network construction or strengthening ladder utilization supervision can promote the formation of stable cooperation,but the mechanism is different.There is still room for further expansion in the study.With the mature development of ladder utilization of power batteries in new energy vehicles,in addition to new energy vehicle manufacturers and ladder utilization enterprises,there are other entities involved in battery recycling,such as third-party recycling service enterprises and research institution.Therefore,in the future research,we will include more participants in the process of retired power battery ladder utilization,and further explore the business model to promote the rapid development of power battery industry in new energy vehicles.