飞机维修计划编排问题的研究综述

Review of Aircraft Maintenance Scheduling

为了保障飞机的持续适航,飞机需要定期进行各类维修检查。本文对飞机维修计划及相关问题进行了描述总结,旨在为航空公司决策提供思路的同时为后续的学术研究提供理论参考。首先,根据提前期的时长将维修计划的编排划分为长期、中期和短期三个阶段。在长期计划编排阶段,本文简单总结了文献中用于定检计划编排的算法,并着重介绍了一种两阶段长期维修计划的编排方法。在短期计划编排阶段,大部分飞机短期维修路径规划问题的网络建模可以归类至基于路径和基于弧这两种类型。其中,基于弧的建模方式又可分为基于时空网络和连接网络这两种类型。另外,考虑到飞机延误的影响,本文展开讨论了维修计划的恢复。最后,本文补充介绍了与飞机维修相关的维修站点规划、其他维修资源安排以及数据驱动下的维修监测等问题,并对未来的研究方向给出了建议。

Aircraft needs various maintenance and regular checks to ensure aircraft airworthiness.A low-quality maintenance plan can lead to aircraft requiring far more maintenance during service,reducing the available time of the aircraft.At the same time,unreasonable maintenance intervals prevent the full utilization of maintenance resources.The decline in aircraft utilization and the increase in maintenance costs have an intangible impact on the profitability of airlines.We categorize the aircraft maintenance,specifically describe the existing modeling methods and related algorithms for aircraft maintenance scheduling at different stages,and supplement other research issues related to aircraft maintenance.We intend to provide ideas for airline decision-making while also providing systematic theoretical references and suggestions for academic research in this direction.We first provide a comprehensive and detailed introduction to the concepts related to aircraft maintenance,including maintenance time interval indicators and the general classification of maintenance in airline operations.Then,according to the length of time before execution,the scheduling is divided into three stages:Long-term scheduling,mid-term scheduling and short-term scheduling.There are significant differences in the types of maintenance planned in these three stages.Long-term scheduling typically targets maintenance that is time-consuming,costly,and has high requirements for locations.It aims to minimize the number of check and maintenance while meeting various maintenance resource limitations and requirements to save costs.The algorithms used in long-term scheduling are briefly introduced,and a two-stage long-term maintenance scheduling method is emphatically illustrated.Mid-term scheduling is a transitional stage between long-term and short-term scheduling.It requires a rough scheduling of maintenance tasks for the next month or more based on the results of long-term scheduling but without considering flight plans.In the short-term scheduling stage,the development of maintenance plans is closely related to flights,with a focus on considering the rationality and robustness of the connection between flights and maintenance.The network modeling of most aircraft maintenance routing problems can be classified into two categories:Path-based and arc-based.Both time-space network and connection network can be used for arc-based modeling,and there are certain differences in the modeling methods of corresponding decision variables.The connection network is more convenient for evaluating the connection quality between aircraft flights,and between flight and maintenance,while the time-space network is more likely to consider the location of aircraft at different times.In addition,there may be some unexpected events in actual operation,such as weather deterioration,damage to maintenance equipment,and the absence of maintenance personnel.These will result in the fact that aircraft is not able to complete the assigned maintenance on time,and the airline will have to recover the aircraft maintenance scheduling in real time to minimize the impact of unpredictable scenarios.Lastly,the maintenance base planning,the allocation of other maintenance resources and maintenance monitoring driven by data are introduced.The optimization of these problems can improve the efficiency of aircraft maintenance.Finally,we find that there are still some optimization directions in aircraft maintenance scheduling and related issues,such as considering more strategic factors in long-term maintenance scheduling,indicators related to scheduled letter checks in short-term maintenance scheduling,and integrating short-term maintenance scheduling and maintenance crew scheduling problems for solution.This study categorizes research on aircraft maintenance scheduling based on the actual business processes and requirements of airlines.At the same time,various subcategories are further determined based on different modeling formulation,and their application situations are elaborated and analyzed.This classification framework helps scholars to deeply understand the application scenarios of this research direction,in order to discover research problems with application value.On the other hand,identifying future research opportunities should help academic researchers and practitioners to develop new models and improve the performance of the existing models.