空间品质对创业型流动劳动力区位选择的影响

The Influence of Space Quality on Location Choice of Entrepreneurial Floating Labor Force:Model and Test

创业活动是中国经济发展的重要推动力之一,创业型流动劳动力是创业活动的重要主体之一。基于新空间经济学理论,本文引入个体偏好异质性和技能异质性,构建出一个空间品质内生驱动的创业型流动劳动力区位选择理论模型,探讨空间品质对创业型流动劳动力区位选择的影响机制,并使用2011—2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据且匹配地级市数据进行实证检验。理论研究发现,以不可贸易品的种类、数量、质量及消费可及性为代表的空间品质、区域生产率水平和劳动力市场规模是创业型流动劳动力区位选择的重要影响因素,实证分析不仅有效地验证了上述命题,还通过异质性分析发现,不同受教育年限、年龄、工作时间和户口性质等个体特征的机会型创业者和生存型创业者,对空间品质的反应程度和方向具有差异性。为此,政府应多维度改善和提升空间品质,制定和实施差异化、动态化创业扶持和保障措施,优化区域创业环境,激发创业活力。

Entrepreneurial activities is one of the important driving forces of China's economic development,and entrepreneurial floating labor force is one of the important subjects of entrepreneurial activities.Based on the theory of new spatial economics,it in-troduces micro subject preference heterogeneity and skill heterogeneity,this paper constructs a theoretical model of location choice of entrepreneurial migrant labor driven by space quality,and explores the influence mechanism of space quality on the location selec-tion of entrepreneurial migrant workers,and an empirical test was conducted by using the data of 2011-2018 CMDS matching prefec-ture level cities.The theory shows that:the quality of space represented by the type,quantity,quality and consumption accessibility of non tradable goods,the regional productivity level and labor market scale are the important factors influencing the entrepreneurial floating labor force.The empirical analysis not only effectively verifies the above proposition,but also found through heterogeneity analysis that opportunity entrepreneurs and survival entrepreneurs with different individual characteristics such as education years,age,working time and household registration have different responses to space quality,especially opportunity entrepreneurs with higher education and survival entrepreneurs with agricultural household registration have strong responses to space quality.Based on the above analysis,the paper believes that the government should improve and enhance the space quality in multiple dimensions,for-mulate and implement differentiated and dynamic entrepreneurial support and guarantee measures,optimize the regional entrepre-neurial environment and stimulate entrepreneurial vitality.