明统治阶层的长城观及其实践

The Great Wall Concept and Practice of the Ruling Class in Ming Dynasty

面对蒙古诸族始终虎视眈眈和中后期以来女真部落频繁叩关的边防压迫,明朝统治阶层的长城观基本趋于一致,即肯定修筑长城的边备思想,肯定长城对敌骑有效的限制和阻击作用,广筑城墙,以加强边防守备,即使出现些许不同的呼声,最终也统一于严防“胡虏”的边备政策。在具体实践中,明统治者因地制宜、修筑起延绵万里的长城,与九边重镇在地理空间和军事防御功能上形成依托和补充之势,成为两千余年来中原王朝应对北方游牧民族南下危机的创举和科学经验。

In the face of the border defense oppression by the Mongols who were always eyeing covetously and the Nuzhen tribes who frequently led off an attack since the middle and later periods,the ruling class of the Ming Dynasty basically had a consistent view of the Great Wall,that is,affirming the idea of building the Great Wall,affirming the effective restriction and blocking effect of the Great Wall on the enemy,and building walls widely to strengthen the border defense,even if there were some different voices.Finally,it is also unified in the side policy of strict prevention of“Hu Rupp”.In practice,the Ming rulers adapted to local conditions and built the Great Wall that stretched for thousands of miles,forming a trend of supporting and supplementing the geographical space and military defense functions of the nine major military towns,which became the pioneering work and scientific experience of the Central Plains Dynasty in coping with the crisis of the northern nomads moving south for more than two thousand years.