东江流域生态系统服务供需关系及驱动力研究

Study on the Relationship between Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services in Dongjiang River Basin and Its Driving Forces

掌握区域生态系统服务供需,保护区域生态安全对提升人类幸福福祉具有非常重要的意义.以东江流域为例,基于InVEST模型、CANOCO软件等数量分析与空间制图方法,对流域内产水服务、食物供给服务、土壤保持服务和碳储存服务的供给与需求进行量化分析,结合生态系统服务供需比方程和双变量局部空间自相关等方法,厘清四项服务间的数量关系与空间匹配关系,并利用冗余分析法进行驱动因子分析,旨在为流域生态系统服务的可持续发展提供科学依据.结果表明:Ⅰ东江流域四项生态系统服务中,产水、土壤保持和碳储存服务均为盈余状态,食物供给服务为赤字状态.其中产水服务、食物供给服务、土壤保持服务、碳储存服务供需比分别为0.64、-0.04、0.12、0.01.产水服务供需比值最大,食物供给服务供需比值最小.Ⅱ东江流域生态系统服务供需空间匹配类型有高供给-高需求空间匹配、低供给-低需求空间匹配、低供给-高需求空间错位、高供给-低需求空间错位四种,不同服务间的空间分布格局有所差异.Ⅲ东江流域生态系统服务供需呈现空间异质性的主要原因是受年平均气温、年末总人口、城镇化率以及地区国内生产总值的共同影响.说明东江流域生态系统服务供需平衡受自然因子、人口因子和经济因子共同驱动的影响.

It is of great significance to grasp the supply and demand of regional ecosystem services and protect regional ecological security to improve human well-being.In this study,based on quantitative analysis and spatial mapping methods such as InVEST model and CANOCO software,the supply and demand of water production service,food supply service,soil conservation service and carbon storage service in the basin were quantitatively analyzed.Combined with ecosystem service supply and demand ratio equation and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation methods,Clarify the quantitative relationship and spatial matching relationship among the four services,and the redundancy analysis method is used to analyze the driving factors.The aim is to provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of watershed ecosystem services.The results showed that:Among the four ecosystem services in the Dongjiang River basin,water production,soil conservation and carbon storage services are in surplus,while food supply services were in deficit.The supply and demand ratio of water production service,food supply service,soil conservation service and carbon storage service were 0.64,-0.04,0.12 and 0.01 respectively.The ratio of supply and demand of water production services was the largest,while that of food supply services was the smallest.Based on districts and counties,there were four types of spatial matching between supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Dongjiang River basin(high supply—high demand spatial-matching,low supply—low demand spatial-matching,low supply—high demand-spatial mismatch,and high supply—low demand-spatial mismatch).The spatial distribution patterns of different services were different.The spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem service supply and demand in the Dongjiang River Basin was mainly influenced by average annual temperature,total population at the end of the year,urbanization rate and gross domestic product.This showed that the supply and demand balance of ecosystem services in the Dongjiang River basin was affected by natural factors,population factors and economic factors.