广东省历史文化名镇名村空间分异及影响因素分析

Spatial Differentiation Features of Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages and Their Influencing Factors in Guangdong Province

以广东省91个历史文化名镇名村为研究对象,利用空间核密度、最邻近指数等空间分析方法研究其空间分异特征,并分析影响因素。结果显示:广东省历史文化名镇名村集中分布于珠三角与粤东,珠三角历史文化名镇名村呈点状集聚性出现,数量占总数53.85%,粤东历史文化名镇名村主要分布在潮汕地区,粤北和粤西分布较为分散。最邻近指数R为1.059 4,显示广东省历史文化名镇名村空间分布状态为均匀型。广东省历史文化名镇名村空间分异特征和文化特色是自然地理因素和人文社会因素综合影响的结果,自然地理因素特别是地形地貌是名镇名村空间分布特征形成的“基石”,对其文化特色(如聚落形成原因、居民习俗等)也具有一定影响;人文社会因素(包括GDP水平、交通通达性等)是历史文化名镇名村发展的驱动因素。有别于我国西南、西北等地,广东省经济发展对于名镇名村发展具有反哺和促进作用,这与其形成发展模式有关。

This paper focuses on 91 famous historical and cultural towns and villages in Guangdong province and tries to figure out their spatial differentiation characteristics by spatial analysis and statistical methods,namely analyzing their Kernel density and nearest neighbor index,and the influencing factors.The results show that historical and cultural villages and towns in Guangdong province are mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta and the eastern part of Guangdong province.In the former,the distribution appears as point aggregation,accounting for 53.85%of the total.In the latter,the villages are mainly distributed in Chaoshan area,while scattered in northern and western Guangdong.The nearest neighbor index R is 1.0594,which shows that the spatial distribution of historical and cultural villages and towns in Guangdong province is uniform.The spatial characteristics and cultural features of these historical and cultural villages and towns in Guangdong province are influenced by both natural environment and human society.As for the natural factors,terrain and landform can be called the"cornerstone"of the spatial characteristics of villages and towns,which also have a certain influence on their cultural features,such as the settlement formation and local customs.Meanwhile,the factors of human society(e.g.,GDP,traffic accessibility)are the driving force for the development of historical and cultural villages and towns.Being different from southwest and northwest areas,Guangdong province's economic development undoubtedly has a promoting effect on the historical and cultural villages and towns,which is related to its formation and development model.