恶托邦·异托邦·乌托邦:论宋代谪宦文人贬地书写的三个维度

Dystopia·Heterotopia·Utopia:Three Dimensions of Writing of Relegated Officials and Literati in the Song Dynasty

宋代政治斗争剧烈,大批谪宦文人至贬地后身心会经历“恶托邦”的惊恐、“异托邦”的不适和“乌托邦”的诗意栖居三个逐步深化的心理状态的递嬗过程。宋代谪宦文人在心理层面上的此种转变,既是因宋代贬地经济社会发展状况得到较大改善所致,亦与宋代社会“三教融合”程度不断加深的背景下,谪宦文人心态逐渐圆融豁达有关。从“恶托邦”“异托邦”和“乌托邦”三个维度分析宋代谪宦文人持续性的贬地书写,可窥见谪宦文人心态演变的轨迹,并感知其作品所映射出的贬地在宋代国家政治中地位的变迁之势。

The political struggle in the Song Dynasty was fierce.After going to the areas they were relegated to,a large number of relegated officials and literati would experience three psychological evolution processes:the fear of"dystopia",the discomfort of"heterotopia"and the poetic dwelling of"utopia",which are gradually deepened.Such psychological changes were not only due to the great improvement of the economic and social development of the relegated areas in the Song Dynasty,but also due to the gradual integration and open-mindedness of the relegated officials and literati in the context of the constant deepening of"integration of the three religions"in the Song Dynasty.Analyzing the continuous writing of relegated officials and literati from the three dimensions:dystopia,heterotopia and utopia,we can see the evolution locus of their mentality and perceive the change trend of the status of the areas they were relegated to in the Song Dynasty reflected in their works.