养老机构智慧化水平测度:理论与实证

Measurement of the Intelligence Level of Elderly Care Institutions:Theory and Demonstration

背景随着我国老龄化的日益加剧,探索智慧养老机构的发展问题已经成为国内外养老事业领域的研究重点。目的建立养老机构智慧化水平的评价模型,为相关领域的研究工作提供理论借鉴和参考依据。方法基于文献分析法和描述性统计构建共含37个三级指标的养老机构智慧化的评价指标体系;基于各评价指标的变量数据进行层次聚类分析获得聚类谱系图;基于“手肘法”提出等级聚类法,并选取上海市43家高端养老机构进行等级聚类的实证分析。结果上海市的高端养老机构可分为智慧、半智慧和非智慧等三个类别;超过60%的养老机构属于非智慧型;超过70%的养老机构没有完善的智能设备、健全的智慧监管系统并无法提供深度的心理服务。结论上海养老机构的智慧化建设还处于较低的发展水平并存在较大的上升空间。最后基于文献综述和实证结果的分析提出智慧养老机构的内生和外延含义,为相关领域的研究提供参考。

Background With the increasing aging of China,the exploring of smart elderly care institutions development has become a research focus in the field of elderly care at home and abroad.Objective To establish an evaluation model for the intelligence level of elderly care institutions,and provide theoretical reference and basis for research work in related fields.Methods A smart evaluation index system for the intelligence level of elderly care institutions containing a total of 37 three-level indicators was constructed based on literature analysis and descriptive statistics;hierarchical clustering analysis was performed based on the variable data of each evaluation index to obtain a cluster pedigree;the hierarchical clustering method was proposed,and 43 top-end elderly care institutions in Shanghai were selected for empirical analysis of hierarchical clustering based on the"elbow method".Results Top-end elderly care institutions in Shanghai can be divided into three categories of smart,semi-smart and non-smart;more than 60%of the elderly care institutions are non-smart;more than 70%of the elderly care institutions do not have comprehensive intelligent equipment or have sound intelligent supervision system unable to provide in-depth psychological services.Conclusion The intelligent construction of elderly care institutions in Shanghai is still at a low level of development with a large upside.Finally,the endogenous and exogenous meanings of smart elderly care institutions proposed based on the literature review and empirical analysis results can provide reference for research in related fields.