老年糖尿病足溃疡住院患者营养现状调查及因素分析研究

Survey on the Current Nutritional Status of Elderly Hospitalized Patientswith Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Factor Analysis Study

目的探讨老年糖尿病足溃疡(diabetic foot ulcer,DFU)住院患者的营养现状并分析其影响因素。方法选取2022年7月—2023年7月收治于贵州中医药大学第二附属医院内分泌科老年DFU住院患者136例为研究对象,收集患者一般资料,通过营养风险筛查量表(Nutritional Risk Screening 2002,NRS2002)判断其营养情况,NRS2002<3分(40例)为无风险组,NRS2002≥3分(96例)为风险组,对两组患者资料进行比较分析。结果136例研究对象中,96例患者(70.58%)存在营养风险。单因素分析结果显示,两组患者的年龄、病程、足溃疡感染情况、Wagner分级、葡萄糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄、病程、足溃疡感染、Wagner分级、HbA1c、CRP均是影响老年DFU住院患者营养状况的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年DFU住院患者存在一定的营养风险,年龄、病程、足部溃疡感染情况、Wagner分级、C反应蛋白因素可增加患者的营养风险。因此,医护工作者应重视住院患者的营养筛查、评估,及时将精准化医学营养治疗方案与慢病治疗相结合,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To explore the current nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients with diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)and analyze their influencing factors.Methods 136 elderly DFU inpatients admitted to the Endocrinology De-partment of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the research subjects.General data of the patients were collected,and their nutritional sta-tus was evaluated using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002).NRS2002<3 points(40 cases)was the risk-free group,and NRS2002≥3 points(96 cases)was the risk group.The data of the two groups of patients were com-pared and analyzed.Results Out of 136 study subjects,96 patients(70.58%)were at nutritional risk.In age,course of disease,foot ulcer infection,Wagner grade,HbA1c,and CRP compared between the two groups of patients,the differ-ence was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that age,course of disease,foot ulcer infection,Wagner grade,HbA1c,CRP were all risk factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly DFU inpa-tients(P<0.05).Conclusion Elderly DFU hospitalized patients have certain nutritional risks,age,disease duration,foot ulcer infection situation,Wagner grading,C-reactive protein factors can increase the nutritional risk of patients.Therefore,healthcare workers should pay attention to the nutritional screening and assessment of hospitalized patients,and timely combine the precise medical nutritional therapy program with chronic disease treatment to improve pa-tients'quality of life.