地壳中的岩浆储库

Magma reservoirs in the crust

岩浆储库是地壳内岩浆储存和演化的主要场所,是地球内外部圈层能量和物质交换的桥梁。对岩浆储库的研究贯穿在整个岩浆岩的研究历史中,并逐渐形成了多种理论假说。本文介绍了岩浆、晶粥等基本概念,总结了地球物理、岩石学和地球化学、数值模拟三种常用的研究手段及其适用范围,重点探讨了大岩浆房模型、晶粥模型和多层岩浆系统模型的主要内容和重要进展,系统比较了不同模型的异同点。这些假说模型并非是非此即彼的,可能反映了岩浆储库在不同演化阶段的状态。最后,本文探讨了岩浆储库模型对岩浆过程、火山喷发和地壳生长等科学问题带来的新的认识和挑战。

The magma reservoir is the main site for magma storage and evolution within the Earth's crust,serving as a bridge for energy and material exchange between the Earth's internal and external layers.Researches on magma reservoirs run through the whole history of igneous petrology,leading to the development of various theoretical hypotheses.In this review article,we have introduced the definition of some basic terms including magma and mush,reviewed three commonly used research methods,including geophysics,petrology and geochemistry,and numerical simulations,and their applicabilities,especially summarized the main contents and recent progresses of researches on the big magma tank model,mush model and multi-tiered magmatism model,and made a systematic comparison of similarities and differences among these models.These hypothetical models are not mutually exclusive but may be used to reflect different stages of magma reservoirs.Finally,we have discussed the new insights and challenges posed by those magma reservoir models to some scientific issues such as magmatic processes,volcanic eruptions and crustal growth.