与REE-HFSE成矿有关的碱性岩浆系统

Alkaline magma system related to the REE-HFSE mineralization

碱性岩是自然界中分布极少的一类岩石,其起源于富集地幔并与稀有金属矿床伴生,因此是揭示深地物质组成和过程难得的理想研究对象。本文介绍了一些涉及碱性岩的相关概念,着重介绍了与稀有金属(REE-HFSE)成矿最为密切的阿格帕质岩和麦斯克质岩;简要阐述了与成矿相关碱性岩浆的起源、结晶条件和岩浆性质、岩浆动力学过程以及伴生的碳酸岩;列举了一些与碱性岩有关的HFSE-REE矿床的矿物学特征、成矿岩浆过程及岩浆性质,着重介绍了碱性岩(包括碳酸岩)侵入体周围的霓长岩化作用,包括其岩石学特征、规模、空间分带性以及REE-HFSE元素的行为等,以期为这类矿床的勘探工作提供一定的启示。最后就一些碱性岩与REE-HFSE成矿方面值得重视的科学问题提出建议。

The alkaline rock is a kind of rock which is rarely distributed in nature.It was originated from the enriched mantle and is associated with rare metal deposits.Thus it is an irreplaceable and ideal research object for revealing material composition and process of the deep Earth.In this paper,we have introduced some relevant concepts to alkaline rocks,especially the Agpaitic and Miaskitic rocks that are most closely related to the rare metals(REE-HFSE)mineralization,have briefly described the origin,crystallization conditions and properties,dynamic processes of alkaline magmas related to mineralization and significance of their associated carbonatites,have enumerated mineralogical characteristics of some HFSE-REE deposits related to alkaline rocks and the processes and properties of alkaline magmas asociated with the mineralization,have emphatically introduced the fenitization around alkaline rock(including carbonatite)intrusions and its petrological characteristics,scale,spatial zonation and behavior of REE-HFSE elements in order toprovide some enlightenment for the exploration of such kind of deposits,and have finally proposed some noteworthy recommendations on scientific issues in association with alkaline rocks and the REE-HFSE mineralization.