瓶栽食用菌工厂化生产洗瓶机的设计与实现

Design and implementation of bottle washing machine for bottled edible fungus factory

工厂化生产是我国食用菌行业未来的主要发展方向。目前,我国食用菌的工厂化生产以木腐菌为主,其生产过程包括装瓶、杀菌等一系列环节,直至挖瓶结束。但是,挖瓶后,洗瓶仍采用人工清洗,清洗效率低,人工成本高。在分析食用菌工厂化生产中洗瓶要求的基础上,介绍了食用菌洗瓶机的工作原理,根据洗瓶工艺要求设计了洗瓶机的控制系统。围绕软硬件系统,分析了驱动模块、执行器模块和传感器模块的功能和主要型号选择,建立了气动驱动系统。根据洗瓶机的洗瓶流程,采用光洋SH-32R作为编程器,绘制电气原理图,基于水平语言编写了洗瓶机的控制程序。试制和测试表明,洗瓶机运行平稳,喷嘴平均压力为0.33 MPa,每瓶耗水量为0.1 kg,单次清洗时间为10 s,符合工厂化洗瓶的要求。

Industrial production of edible fungi is the future development direction of China’s edible fungi industry.At present,the industrial production of edible fungi in China is dominated by wood-rotting fungi,and its production process includes bottling,sterilization and a series of links until the end of bottle digging.However,after bottle digging,the bottle cleaning still adopts manual cleaning,which leads to low washing efficiency and high labor costs.Based on analyzing the requirements of bottle washing in the industrial production of edible fungi,this paper introduces the working principle of bottle washing machines in the industrial production of edible fungi and designs the control system of bottle washing machines on this basis.Around the hardware and software system,this paper analyzes the functions and main model selection of the drive module,actuator module,sensor module,and designs the pneumatic drive system.According to the process of the bottle washing machine,using Guangyang SH−32R as a programmer,the electrical schematic diagram is drawn,and the control program of the bottle washing machine is written in level language.The trial production and test show that the bottle washing machine runs smoothly,the average pressure of the nozzle is 0.33 MPa,the water consumption of each bottle is 0.1 kg,and the single cleaning time is 10 s,which meets the requirements of industrial bottle washing.