一株野生盖囊侧耳的鉴定与驯化栽培

Identification and Domestication of a Wild Pleurotus cystidiosus

以一株野生食用菌菌株为研究对象,探究其分类地位及驯化栽培特性,为我国野生资源的开发利用提供参考。通过形态学特征和ITS序列分析鉴定,将采自广州市天河区的一株野生食用菌鉴定为盖囊侧耳(又称鲍鱼菇),并通过测定菌丝生长速度、子实体商品性等对其开展生物学特性和驯化栽培研究。结果表明,该菌株最适碳源是麦芽糖,最适氮源是牛肉膏,适宜生长的pH范围是7.0~9.0,适宜生长温度是25~30℃。在栽培配方为棉籽壳50%、玉米芯34%、麸皮15%、石灰1%、含水量62%的人工培养基中,在25℃条件下,液体菌种接种30 d左右满包,开袋7 d左右出原基,15 d左右可采收,子实体单丛鲜重95~195 g,一潮菇生物转化率约为27%,子实体多糖含量为5.97%,三萜含量为1.12%。本研究可为盖囊侧耳的人工栽培及推广应用提供依据,也为后续选育广温、耐高温型食用菌品种提供优良种质资源。

To make full use of the wild mushroom resources in our country,a wild edible fungus was studied to identified its classification position and domesticate characteristics.Based on the morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis,a wild edible fungus collected from Tianhe District,Guangzhou was identified as Pleustomus cystidiosus(also known as Pleustomus abalone),and its biological characteristics and domestication were studied by measuring the growth rate of mycelia and the commerciality of fruiting bodies.The results showed that the optimum carbon source of the strain was maltose,the optimum nitrogen source was beef paste,the optimum pH value range was 7.0~9.0,and the optimum temperature was 25~30℃.Under the condition of 25℃,the liquid strains were inoculated in the artificial medium with 50%cottonseed shell,34%corncob,15%bran,1%lime and 62%water content.The liquid strains were fully packed in about 30 days after inoculation,the primordium were extracted in about 7 days after opening the bag,and the fruit bodies were harvested in about 15 days.The fresh weight of single cluster was 95~195 g,and the biological conversion rate of the first tide was about 27%.The content of polysaccharides in fruiting body was 5.97%and triterpenoids was 1.12%.It is concluded that this work can provide a basis for the artificial cultivation and application of Pleustomus cystidiosus,and also provide a excellent resources for the subsequent selection and breeding of wide temperature and high temperature resistant edible fungi.