基于改进YOLOv5和Bytetrack的牦牛跟踪

Yak Tracking Based on Improved YOLOv5 and Bytetrack

目前,我国青藏高原地区的牦牛养殖方式以传统的人工放牧为主.为解决人力养殖方式无法快速跟踪统计牦牛数量的问题,本文提出了一种改进YOLOv5和Bytetrack的牦牛跟踪方法,以实现在视频输入情况下快速检测跟踪牦牛.采用基于深度学习的YOLOv5目标检测网络,结合CA注意力、跨尺度特征融合和空洞卷积池化金字塔等优化方法,减少牦牛检测中因遮挡而导致检测难度大、误检漏检的问题,实现对视频中牦牛更精确的检测;使用Bytetrack跟踪器通过卡尔曼滤波和匈牙利算法实现帧间目标关联,并为目标匹配ID;使用ImageNet中的部分牦牛数据和青海玉树地区采集的牦牛样本图像来训练模型.实验结果表明:本文改进模型的平均检测精确度为98.7%,比原YOLOv5s、SSD、YOLOX和Faster RCNN模型分别提高1.1、1.89、8.33、0.4个百分点,能快速收敛,检测性能最优;改进的YOLOv5s和Bytetrack跟踪结果最优,MOTA提高了7.1646%.本研究改进的模型能够更加快速准确地检测和跟踪统计牦牛,为青海地区畜牧业的智慧化发展提供技术支持.

At present,the yak breeding method in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China is mainly based on traditional manual grazing.To solve the problem that human breeding methods cannot quickly track and count the number of yaks,an improved YOLOv5 and Bytetrack yak tracking method is proposed in this study to achieve the fast detection and tracking of yaks under video input.The YOLOv5 object detection network based on deep learning,combined with optimization methods such as coordinate attention,cross-scale feature fusion,and atrous spatial pyramid pooling pyramid,is adopted to reduce the difficulty of detection and misdetection caused by occlusion in yak detection,so as to accurately detect yak targets in videos.The Bytetrack tracker is used to implement the inter-frame object association through Kalman filtering and Hungarian algorithm,and the IDs are matched to the targets.The model is trained by using part of the yak data in ImageNet Dataset and yak sample images collected from the Yushu region of Qinghai.The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy of the improved model proposed in this study is 98.7%,which is 1.1,1.89,8.33,and 0.4 percentage points higher than the original YOLOv5s,SSD,YOLOX,and Faster RCNN models,respectively.It can converge quickly and has the best detection performance.The improved YOLOv5s and Bytetrack tracking results are the best,with MOTA increased by 7.1646%.The improved model developed in this study can detect and track yaks more quickly and accurately,providing technical support for the intelligent development of animal husbandry in the Qinghai region.