我国中东部城镇水源高氯酸盐的点源分布及潜在来源

Perchlorate pollution in urban water sources of Central and Eastern China:Point sources and potential origins

环境高氯酸盐是一种持久性污染物,能够通过地表径流与土壤渗透的方式进入地表水网中,对动物生殖、内分泌、神经系统、甲状腺系统产生危害,但目前学界关注度相对较低.本研究分析了我国17个省(自治区、直辖市)、63个城市居民饮用水中的高氯酸盐丰度及分布特征,利用其与其它已知源阴离子间的关系,推测了饮用水中高氯酸盐的潜在来源.结果表明,水样中高氯酸盐含量大多超过我国最新规定的标准限值70μg·L^(-1)的标准;其中,地表水中高氯酸盐平均浓度为246.66μg·L^(-1),超标了2.52倍,样品超标率为80%;管道饮用水中高氯酸盐平均浓度为233.66μg·L^(-1),超标了2.34倍,样品超标率为98.3%.从分布上看,东部地区((229.95±75.29)μg·L^(-1))比西部地区((200.53±45.38)μg·L^(-1))丰度更高,华北地区((306.01±133.46)μg·L^(-1))比华东地区((209.74±60.99)μg·L^(-1))要高.因此,我国饮用水中高氯酸盐健康风险值得警惕.同时,以主成分分析和相关性分析研究了高氯酸根与伴生的其它阴离子之间的关系,从而推测高氯酸根的可能来源.主成分1由氯化物、硫酸盐和氟化物组成,主成分2由硝酸盐和高氯酸盐组成,其来源分别为岩石风化、农业和烟花燃放,本研究将为建立高氯酸盐风险评价体系提供基础依据.

Perchlorate is a kind of persistent inorganic pollutants(POPs)in the environment,capable of entering the water system through surface runoff and soil infiltration,posing harm to the reproductive,endocrine,nervous,and thyroid systems of animals.Despite its potential dangers,it has received limited attention.To address this issue,we analyzed the concentrations and distribution characteristics of perchlorate in drinking water based on the samples from 63 cities across 17 provinces in China,and also attempted to identify the potential sources of perchlorate in drinking water based on its correlation with other anions with known sources.The results showed that the content of perchlorate in most water samples exceeded the standard limit of 70μg·L^(-1) issued by the Chinese government.Specifically,the average concentration of perchlorate in surface water was 246.66μg·L^(-1),exceeding the standard limit by 2.52 times.For pipeline drinking water,the average concentration of perchlorate was 233.66μg·L^(-1),exceeding the standard limit by 2.34 times,with an alarming 98.3%rate of exceeding the standard limit.In terms of geographical distribution,the concentration of perchlorate in the eastern region((229.95±75.29)μg·L^(-1))was greater than that in the western region((200.53±45.38)μg·L^(-1));North China had a higher concentration((306.01±133.46)μg·L^(-1))than East China((209.74±60.99)μg·L^(-1)).Meanwhile,we explored the coexistence of perchlorate with other anions to speculate on the potential perchlorate source.The results of principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that the first principal component was composed of chloride,sulfate and fluoride,and the second principal component was composed of nitrate and perchlorate,which could be attributed to activities such as rock weathering,agriculture and fireworks.This study will provide a basis for the establishment of a perchlorate risk assessment system to safeguard public health and the environment.