基于电磁方法的水力压裂裂缝探测技术研究进展

Research progress on fracture detection technology of hydraulic fracturing based on electromagnetic methods

水力压裂是促进地层油气藏高产的一项重要手段,对油气田的勘探、开发具有重要意义。水力压裂裂缝是油气藏的主要渗流通道和有效储集空间,裂缝识别是油气勘探、开发的重要环节。关于利用电磁方法进行水力压裂裂缝探测,学者们提出了多种切实可行的技术方案。首先,通过系统调研基于电磁方法的水力压裂裂缝探测相关文献,从空间角度对水力压裂裂缝的主要几何形态进行分类,分析水力压裂裂缝电磁监测方法的优势和不足;基于感应测井理论,通过电磁法监测手段,识别由导电支撑剂填充的水力压裂裂缝。然后,分别从垂直井、水平井和多井三方面对水力压裂裂缝的研究现状与发展趋势进行了详细综述。最后,探讨了基于电磁方法的水力压裂裂缝探测技术的主要问题和困难,认为目前主要的技术难点在于裂缝的复杂形态难以准确把握,多种因素共同影响裂缝形态探测效果。因此,针对具有多尺度特性的水力压裂裂缝的分布和特征,需结合多种电磁模拟方法进行研究。

Hydraulic fracturing is an important tool to improve the production of stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs,and is of significance to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.Hydraulic fractures are the main see-page channels and effective storage space for oil and gas reservoirs,and fracture identification is an important link in exploration and development.Scholars have proposed many practical technical solutions for hydraulic fracture detec-tion by electromagnetic methods.Firstly,this paper classifies and summarizes the main geometric shapes of hydrau-lic fractures from the perspective of spatial development,and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of electro-magnetic monitoring methods for hydraulic fractures.Based on induction logging theory,new methods and technolo-gies for monitoring and identifying hydraulic fractures filled with conductive proppants by electromagnetic methods are introduced.Secondly,the research status and development trend of hydraulic fractures are reviewed in detail of vertical wells,horizontal wells,and multiple wells.Finally,the main problems and difficulties in electromagnetic detection research on hydraulic fractures are discussed.Currently,the main technical difficulty is that it is hard to master complex fracture morphology,and fracture morphology research is affected by many factors.Thus,multiple electromagnetic simulation methods should be combined for the distribution and characteristics of hydraulic fractures with multi-scale characteristics.