基于Pathfinder的购物中心防火疏散研究

Research on fire evacuation of shopping center based on Pathfinder

伴随城市规划和建设布局的不断完善,全国各地涌现出了数量繁多的大型购物中心,这些购物中心往往人流密集,若突发火灾,人员是否快速、安全地疏散就显得格外重要。基于Pathfinder软件对某购物中心火灾条件下不同疏散模式进行模拟,求解符合该购物中心的最优模式,探讨不同疏散模式对疏散耗时、疏散出口利用率及疏散工具利用率的影响。结果表明:在疏散楼梯的基础上耦合双下行的自动扶梯疏散效果最好,用时466 s;疏散人员对购物中心的疏散出口熟悉度低,应设置明显的出口指示牌,并配备专业人员进行疏散引导,避免人员集中拥堵造成损失;儿童和老人等行动缓慢人群采用消防电梯进行疏散能够提高效率。研究结果可以为大型购物中心火灾疏散提供参考。

With the continuous improvement of urban planning and construction layout,a large number of large shopping malls have emerged across the country,which are often densely crowded,and if a fire breaks out,whether the rapid and safe evacuation of personnel is particularly important.Based on Pathfinder soft-ware,different evacuation modes under fire conditions in a shopping mall are simulated,and the optimal mode of the shopping center is solved,and the effects of different evacuation modes on evacuation time,evacuation exit utilization and evacuation tool utilization are discussed.The results show that the escalator coupled with double downward movement on the basis of the evacuation staircase has the best evacuation effect,which takes 466 s.Evacuees are not familiar with the evacuation exits of the shopping center,and should set up obvious exit signs,and allocate professionals to guide evacuation to avoid losses caused by concentrated congestion;Slow-moving people such as children and the elderly can improve efficiency by using fire elevators for evacuation.The research results can provide a reference for fire evacuation in large shopping centers.