自贡市老年人群白内障患病状况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of cataract among the elderly in Zigong City

目的调查自贡市老年人群白内障患病状况及影响因素,为白内障的防治提供经验。方法于2020年6月至2022年6月采用便利抽样法选取自贡市4区2县内25个乡/镇/街道的老年人作为调查对象,对其进行眼部检查和问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法对结果进行分析,采用单、多因素分析方法对自贡市老年人白内障患病的影响因素进行分析。结果共有1135名自贡市≥60岁老年人群参与本次研究,纳入1050份有效数据,有效率为92.51%。1050名老年人中共检出白内障250例,检出率为23.81%,其中核性白内障占68.00%,皮质性白内障占12.00%,后囊下白内障占2.40%,混合型白内障占17.60%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,超重/肥胖(OR=1.462)、户外工作(OR=6.073)、高血压史(OR=2.204)、糖尿病史(OR=3.694)、血脂异常史(OR=1.573)、骨质疏松症(OR=5.412)、吸烟史(OR=2.038)、饮酒史(OR=1.448)、高强度用眼(OR=20.767)、营养不良(OR=1.426)是自贡市老年人群白内障患病的危险因素。结论自贡市老年人群白内障患病状况不容乐观,超重/肥胖、户外工作、高血压史、糖尿病史、血脂异常史、骨质疏松症、吸烟史、饮酒史、高强度用眼、营养不良均是白内障发生的影响因素,建议根据上述因素制定针对性预防策略,以改善老年人群眼部健康。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of cataract among the elderly in Zigong City,and to provide experience for the prevention and treatment of cataract.Methods From June 2020 to June 2022,the elderly in 25 townships/towns/streets in four districts and two counties of Zigong City were selected by convenience sampling method for this study.The eye examination and questionnaire survey were carried out,the results were analyzed by descriptive analysis method,and the influencing factors of cataract among the elderly in Zigong City were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods.Results A total of 1135 elderly people≥60 years old in Zigong City participated in this study,including 1050 valid data,with an effective rate of 92.51%.A total of 250 cases of cataract were detected in 1050 elderly people,with a detection rate of 23.81%,of which 68.00%were nuclear cataract,12.00%were cortical cataract,2.40%were posterior subcapsular cataract,and 17.60%were mixed cataract.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight/obesity(OR=1.462),outdoor work(OR=6.073),hypertension(OR=2.204),diabetes(OR=3.694),dyslipidemia(OR=1.573),osteoporosis(OR=5.412),smoking(OR=2.038),drinking(OR=1.448),intensive eye use(OR=20.767),and malnutrition(OR=1.426)were the risk factors for cataract among the elderly in Zigong City.Conclusion sThe prevalence of cataract among the elderly in Zigong City is not optimistic.Overweight/obesity,outdoor work,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,osteoporosis,smoking,drinking,intensive eye use,and malnutrition are all influencing factors for the occurrence of cataract.It is suggested to formulate targeted prevention strategies based on the above factors to improve the eye health of the elderly.