场景根植与群体生产:从泥塑技艺演变看传统工艺传承

Scene Embeddedness and Group Production:Inheritance of Traditional Craftsmanship Seeing from the Evolution of Clay Sculpture

泥塑发轫于宗教、祭祀和墓葬的场景中,融入民间日常生活,呈现出石窟寺庙神像、泥陶俑和泥玩具等表现形式。根植生活化的社会场景,工匠制度和师徒传承机制促进了泥塑技艺的知识转化与创新。泥玩在适应生活化、大众化的市场需求过程中,形成了群体化生产机制,进而发展出以小批量、个性化的作坊集聚为特点的产业化模式。科技进步、经济发展和制度变革冲击了传统工艺根植的生活场景。传统工艺的传承与创新关键是面向当下新的生活场景,适应新的需求,重建群体化传承机制。

Clay sculpture originated in religious,sacrificial and burial scenes,and integrated into daily life,Which has formed grotto and temple statues,clay or pottery figurines and clay toys.Embedded in the daily life scenes,the Knowledge transformation and innovation of clay sculpture was promoted by the division and cooperationof craftsman system and apprenticeship system.Especially for the clay toys,which formed the production mechanism of agglomeration of craftsman and workshops in the process of adapting to the market demand of daily life and popularization,and then developed a industrialization model that characterized by agglomeration of small batch and personalized.Scientific and technological progress,economic development and institutional changes have impacted the life scene in what the clay sculpture embedded.The key to the inheritance and innovation of clay sculpture is to face the new daily life scene,adapt to the new needs,and rebuild the group inheritance mechanism.