论中国戏曲兴盛的大运河背景——基于戏曲发展史视角的宏观考察

On the Grand Canal Background of Chinese Opera Flourishing:A Macro Investigation Based on the Perspective of Opera Development History

大运河从隋朝起就是沟通中国南北水路交通最重要的人工河道,而受到大运河滋养的中国戏曲,其萌芽、发展、成熟以及衰落都与大运河紧密相关。举凡戏曲发展史上的重大事件,如唐宋俗曲与杂剧的盛行、北杂剧与南戏的兴盛、北杂剧的南传与南戏的北播、传奇诸腔的崛起、花部戏的兴盛、花雅争胜、徽班进京等,都有大运河留下的深刻印记。大运河作为中国戏曲重要的孕育者和传播者,与戏曲的主体构成要素,包括剧作家、曲师的交流,戏班、演员的播迁,以及官商、文士等重要消费群体的戏曲活动,都有深度关联。从大运河视角审视中国戏曲发展的历史,有助于推动中国戏曲史研究的进一步发展。

The Grand Canal has been the most important man-made watercourse for connecting the north and the south of China since the beginning of the Sui Dynasties.The Chinese opera,nurtured by the Grand Canal,is closely related to the process of its breeding,maturity and decay.In the history of opera development,the popularity of folk songs in the Tang Dynasty,the rise of Song opera,the prosperity of northern opera and southern opera,the southern transmission of northern opera,the northern broadcast of southern opera,the rise of legendary Chinese operas,the prosperity of Huabu opera,the competition between Hua and Ya styles,and the arrival of Hui Opera in Beijing are all deeply imprinted by the Grand Canal.As an important incubator and disseminator of Chinese opera,the Grand Canal has deeply involved in the main elements of opera,including the exchange of playwrights and musicians,the broadcasting and relocation of opera troupes and actors,as well as the opera activities of officials,businessmen,scholars and other classes as an important consumer group of opera.This article examines the history of the development of Chinese opera from the perspective of the Grand Canal,which is helpful in promoting the in-depth study of the history of Chinese opera.