流域模拟器的研发与实践初探

Watershed simulator development and initial exploration

针对数字孪生流域研发和流域综合管理的需求,重点论述了流域模拟器的概念、理论与方法以及针对长江应用的长江模拟器的研发与应用进展。流域模拟器旨在构建流域模拟通用范式,其特色与特点是:通过建设“天-空-地”一体化监测监控系统,以及研发集成气象与气候模型、流域水循环模型、水动力学模型、水质模型、水生态模型、城市模型、社会经济模型等多种模型,构建模型云系统,实现天气模拟、流域水循环过程模拟、流域生物地球化学循环模拟、河流与湖泊过程模拟,为水资源高效利用与调度、城市水循环模拟、“水-能-粮-环境-生态-经济”耦合系统及管理决策支持等流域管理与决策服务提供科技支撑。

In response to the demand for the development of digital twin watersheds and comprehensive water⁃shed management,this article focuses on the concepts,theories,and methods of watershed simulator develop⁃ment.The article also discusses the development and application of the Yangtze River simulator specifically de⁃signed for the application in the Yangtze River basin.Watershed simulator aims to construct a universal paradigm for watershed simulation.The distinctive features of the watershed simulator lie in the construction of an integra⁃ted monitoring system covering the atmosphere,space,and ground.It supports the development of various mo⁃dels,including integrated meteorological and climatic models,watershed hydrological models,hydrodynamic models,water quality models,aquatic ecological models,urban models,and socio-economic models.These models form a model cloud support system.The application goals of the simulator include weather simulation,watershed water cycle simulation,watershed biogeochemical cycle simulation,and simulation of river and lake processes.The simulator provides technological support for efficient water resource utilization and scheduling,ur⁃ban water cycle simulation,coupled systems and management decision support for"water-energy-food-environ⁃ment-ecology-economy"in watershed management and decision-making.