家庭教育负担对生育决策的影响研究

The Impact of Family Educational Burden on Fertility Decision

文章基于行为决策理论,采用逻辑回归、倾向得分匹配、中介效应分析方法,实证探究教育经济负担、时间负担、心理负担对当前我国家庭生育决策的影响机制。结果表明:三类教育负担对家庭生育决策均具有负向影响,且对不同孩次生育决策的影响存在异质性。时间负担对“二孩”生育决策的负向影响最大,而经济负担对“三孩”生育决策的负向影响最大。进一步分析发现,心理负担在生育决策过程中产生了关键性作用;时间负担加重,负向影响“二孩”生育决策;经济负担加重,负向影响“三孩”生育决策。据此,建议从学生综合评价、舆论监管等方面多管齐下,减轻家长教育心理负担;从“双减”政策落实、弹性工作时间、养育补贴等方面多措并举,减轻家庭教育经济负担和时间负担。

Based on the behavioral decision-making theory,this paper explores the impact mechanism of educational economic burden,time burden,and psychological burden on family fertility decision-making by using logistic regression,propensity score matching,and mesomeric effect analysis methods.Research has shown that three types of educational burden have a negative impact on family fertility decisions,and there is heterogeneity effect on different childbearing decisions.The time burden is the most unfavorable for the decision to have a second child,while the economic burden is the most unfavorable for the decision to have a third child.Psychological burden negatively affects the decision to have a second child by increasing the time burden;Psychological burden negatively affects the decision to have a third child by increasing economic burden.Therefore,this paper suggests to reduce the psychological burden of education from the aspects of general vocational integration,students'comprehensive evaluation,network public opinion supervision,etc.Meanwhile,in order to increase efforts to reduce the economic and time burden of education,measures also should implement the flexible working time system while ensuring the implementation of the"double reduction"policy,standardize non discipline training market,improve the subsidy system for low-income families with"multiple children".