中国对外援助探析

Analysis of China's Foreign Aid

对外援助是国家开展对外交往的重要手段。中国对外援助经历了政治援助、商务援助、责任援助等概念演变,发展出不同的类型、层次与特性。中国对外援助规模持续提升,援助主体不断增多,援助维度更加多元,逐渐从中央部门主导的“小援外”形态,朝着以中央为核心、包含更多资源和层次的“大援外”方向进阶。随着中国日益走向世界舞台的中央,中国对外援助需要在全球提供更多战略援助和公共产品。中国对外援助在整体对外战略中的重要性不断提升,同时面临透明度、评估机制、管理能力以及地方援外活力不足等挑战。就长远发展来看,中国对外援助作为一门理论和学科的探讨已经提上日程,亟需政策界和学术界人士高度关注。

Foreign aid is an important means for a country to carry out foreign activities. China's foreign aid has undergone different conceptual evolution, such as aid for politics, commerce and responsibility, and developed different types, layers and characteristics. As China increasingly moves to the center of the world stage, China's foreign aid needs to provide more strategic assistance and global public goods and offer more ways to practice its different roles in the world. As a result, the scale of China's foreign aid has continued to rise, the number of actors has kept increasing and the dimensions of aid have become more diversified.China's foreign aid has gradually evolved from a small-range approach led by the central government to a large-range approach featuring the central government at the core with more resources, levels and a broad and solid foundation. China's foreign aid is growing in importance in the country's overall foreign strategies while facing challenges such as transparency, evaluation mechanisms, management capacity and insufficient vitality of local foreign aid. The discussion of China's foreign aid as a theory and discipline has been put on the agenda, which needs attention from the policy world and academia.