中国自由贸易试验区建设十周年:回顾与展望

Tenth Anniversary of Construction of China's Pilot Free Trade Zones:ReviewandProspect

自贸试验区建设已走过十年历程,在国际政治经济形势变化与国内国际双循环背景下进入高水平提升和高质量发展新阶段。上海作为自贸试验区先行者,是十年创新经验的最大贡献者,双循环格局下仍在提升实体经济国际竞争力、推进人民币国际化等方面探索上海经验。新形势下自贸试验区提升战略具有深刻的国际国内背景,需要采取有效措施破解自贸试验区提升过程中创新成果获得感不强、缺乏有效激励机制以及系统集成性创新认识偏差所带来的难题。自贸试验区制度创新目标与双循环战略建设需求高度契合,其高层次制度创新、对标高标准经贸规则和提高示范引领及辐射能级等措施能够有力促进双循环新发展格局的建设。作为国际经贸规则试验田,自贸试验区需要与时俱进研究全球高标准经贸规则演变和谋划未来经贸规则走向,调整地方法规和行政规定以对标RCEP“规定动作”,推动更深层次的制度创新以对接CPTPP和DEPA等“自选动作”,探索高标准跨境数据流动规则。自贸试验区是服务国家重大战略、促进区域经济协调发展的重要载体,需要在完善自贸试验区布局、高质量对接“一带一路”、推进与城市群一体化开放、构建高水平制度型开放体系、建立区域开放合作机制五个方面协同发力。自贸试验区制度创新需要广大的辐射和推广空间,需要根据自身优势和资源禀赋选择差异化联动模式,以更好服务于为国家试制度、为地方谋发展的使命。

It has been ten years since the establishment of China' pilot free trade zones(FTZs). The construction of the pilot FTZs enters a new stage of high-level improvement and high-quality development amid changes in the international political and economic landscapes and China's efforts in accelerating the dual circulation development pattern. As a pioneer in the construction of the pilot FTZs, Shanghai is the largest contributor to the reform experience and practical cases in the past decade. Under the dual circulation development paradigm, Shanghai still explores its experience in improving the international competitiveness of the real economy and promoting the internationalization of RMB. It is proposed to upgrade the pilot FTZs given the current global and domestic backgrounds, and effective measures are needed to address following challenges including weak sense of achievement from innovation, the lack of effective incentive mechanism and the cognitive bias about system integration innovation. The institutional innovation goal of the pilot FTZs is highly consistent with the demands for the growth of the dual circulation strategy-practices of the pilot FTZs such as the high-level institutional innovation, aligning with high-standard economic and trade rules, improving the roles of demonstration and guidance and expanding the scope of influence can advance the construction of the dual circulation development pattern. As the pilot FTZ is a test filed for international economic and trade rules, it urges making efforts to study the evolution of global high-standard economic and trade rules, plan China's future economic and trade rules, adjust local regulations and administrative rules to facilitate the pilot FTZs to align with the compulsory exercise of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, promote more profound institutional innovation to respond to the optional exercises such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement as well as explore high-standard rules on cross-border data flows. The pilot FTZ is an important carrier to serve the country's major strategies and promote the coordinated development of regional economies, and more efforts are in need to further improve its construction. These include optimizing the layout of the pilot FTZs, advancing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, promoting the integration and opening-up of urban agglomerations, building a high-level institutional open system and establishing a regional opening-up and cooperation mechanism. The institutional innovation of the pilot FTZs requires broad space to promote the innovation experiences and the pilot FTZs need to choose a differentiated interconnected development mode based on local advantages and resources to better serve the mission of testing institutions for the country and seeking development for local economies.