中长期支持高校毕业生在制造业就业的思路和建议

Ideas and Suggestions for Supporting Employment of College Graduates in the Manufacturing Industry in the Medium to Long Term

当前及今后更长一段时间,支持广大高校毕业生服务于制造强国建设,是强化实体经济人才支撑的必然要求。采用就业弹性法和多维固定效应模型,预测11个制造业重点行业的就业弹性和人才需求规模。结果显示,“十四五”及更长一段时间,战略性新兴制造业是增加高质量就业岗位的主力军。如果各战略性新兴制造业增加值均实现大幅加速增长,那么每年对高校毕业生的需求量将达70.44万人。传统制造业在稳定就业总量、提高就业质量上具有较大潜力,如果各传统制造业增加值均实现中幅加速增长,那么每年对高校毕业生的需求量将达64.48万人。应当着力引导高校毕业生服务制造业,完善高校毕业生就业促进政策体系,提高高校理工科等教育质量,实施高校毕业生制造业就业支持计划,加强高等教育、技能培训与产业升级发展的衔接联动,增强就业服务联系毕业生与制造业企业的桥梁纽带作用。

Encouraging the engagement of college graduates in building up China's strength in manufactur-ing is an inevitable requirement for reinforcing the talent support in the real economy at present and in the fu-ture.This study adopted the employment elasticity method and multidimensional fixed effects model to predict the employment elasticity and talent demand scale of 11 key manufacturing industries.The results showed that during the 14th Five Year Plan period and the long-term future,strategic emerging manufacturing would be the main force for increasing high-quality jobs.If the added values of strategic emerging manufacturing indus-tries achieved highly accelerated growth,the annual employment demand would reach 704400 college gradu-ates.The traditional manufacturing industry had great potential in stabilizing the total employment and impro-ving the quality of employment.If the added values of traditional manufacturing industries achieved moderately accelerated growth,the annual employment demand would reach 644800 college graduates.Efforts should be made to guide college graduates to serve the manufacturing industry,improve the employment promotion policy for college graduates,improve the quality of education in science and engineering,and implement the employ-ment support plan for college graduates in the manufacturing industry.Furthermore,the connection between higher education,skill training,and industrial upgrading and the bridge role of employment services between college graduates and manufacturing enterprises should be enhanced.