宏观环境和劳动力供给变化下就业新态势与应对措施

New Employment Situation and Corresponding Measures in the Context of Changing Macro Environment and Labor Supply

就业是民生之基,推进高质量充分就业是实现全体人民共同富裕的基础。近年来,我国劳动力市场面临的宏观经济环境、人口与劳动供给态势正经历着一系列重要变化,决定了就业新态势的形成和未来的政策选择。经济增长换挡至中高速、服务业和数字经济快速发展、科技创新逐渐成为经济发展新动能、劳动力供给总量趋向短缺、劳动者综合技能素养不断提高等重要变化,推动着劳动力市场的调整重塑,其过程既包括有助于高质量充分就业的积极因素,也内嵌着不少挑战。理解这些变化及其背后的政策需求,对于进一步优化劳动力市场政策、推动实现高质量充分就业具有重要意义。

Employment is the cornerstone of people's livelihoods,and promoting high-quality and full em-ployment is the key of achieving common prosperity for all people.The recent years have witnessed changes of the macro-economic environment,population,and labor supply,which determine the new employment trends and future policies.The transition of economic growth towards a medium to high speed,the rapid development of the service industry and digital economy,the emergence of technological innovation as a new driving force for economic development,the trend towards a shortage of total labor supply,and the continuous improvement of comprehensive skills and literacy of workers are key factors driving the adjustment and reshaping of the labor market.This process includes both positive factors and challenges for high-quality and full employment.Un-derstanding these changes,adjustments,and the policy needs behind them is of great significance for optimi-zing labor market policies and promoting the achievement of high-quality and full employment.