“两头婚”:农村婚育模式的实践逻辑及其双重效应分析

"Two-Sided Marriage":The Practical Logic and Dual Effects Analysis on Rural Marriage and Childhood Pattern

制度约束性生育政策在取得预期成效的同时,也推动了我国人口结构的转型,形成了少子化与老龄化的人口发展趋势。为了应对人口结构变动的挑战,部分独生子女政策实施较为彻底的农村地区在实践探索中衍生出了“两头婚”的婚育形态。这种新型婚育模式内蕴了婚姻形态由单系走向双系的实践逻辑,并呈现出独特的区域性行为特征。“两头婚”表象背后具有深刻的制度、经济、文化与观念形塑动因。作为一种策略性选择,“两头婚”有助于缓解现代性对于传统价值观念的冲击,对于破解少子化和老龄化背景下各种家庭困境,以及共商共建共享的和谐家庭建设不失为一种有益探索。但是这种新型婚育实践探索背后的隐忧和风险也不容忽视,基于地域性特征和特定人文情境的新型婚育形态是否具有可持续性和可复制性还有待时间和实践的考验。

While achieving the expected results,the institutional constraint fertility policy has also promoted the transformation of China's population structure,forming a population development trend of Sub-replacement fertility and aging.In order to cope with the challenges of population structure changes,some rural areas where the implementation of one child policy thoroughly have developed a"two sided marriage"form of marriage and childbirth through practical exploration.This new type of marriage and childbirth model embodies the practical logic of marriage form moving from single lineage to double lineage,and presents unique regional behavioral characteristics.There are profound institutional,economic,cultural,and conceptual shaping motivations behind the appearance of"two sided marriage".As a strategic choice,it is a useful exploration for solving various family dilemmas under the background of sub-replacement fertility and aging,as well as building a harmonious family through co-discussion,co-construction and sharing.However,the hidden worries and risks behind the exploration of this new type of marriage and childbirth practice can't be ignored.Whether the new form of marriage and childbirth based on regional characteristics and specific humanistic situations is sustainable and replicable remains to be tested by time and practice.