国内外体育教练员学习路径研究述评

A Comprehensive Analysis of Learning Trajectories for Sports Coaches Worldwide

明确教练员学习路径是优化教练员教育的基础和前提,对提升教练员执教能力意义重大。教练员执教能力的提升是多条路径交互影响的结果,包括正式的学习路径和非正式的学习路径两种。世界上,教练员正式学习路径多为政府主导下的教练员教育,但面临侧重于培训灌输而不是教育、理论化严重、教练员知识转移出现障碍等问题。目前教练的首选知识获取来源已被证明远远超出了正式的学习路径,而是扩展到更加广泛和多样的一系列非正式和自我导向的学习情境。此外,多数研究表明,非正式学习路径中的学习效果要明显优于正式、非正规学习路径,尤其是教练员的执教经历、指导以及与其他教练员的交流讨论对教练员执教能力的影响较大。建议未来采用问卷调查配合访谈法的方法加强本土研究,聚焦如何高效整合不同的教练员学习路径,挖掘多种不同学习路径的互补潜力,以此推动教练员执教能力的提升。

Clearly defining the learning pathways for coaches is fundamental and essential for optimizing coach education,holding significant implications for elevating coaching proficiency.The improvement of coaching abilities results from the intricate interplay of various pathways,encompassing both formal and informal trajectories.Globally,formal coach learning pathways are predominantly government-driven coach education initiatives,yet they face challenges such as an inclination toward training over education,excessive theoretical focus,and impediments in knowledge transfer.Present research affirms that coaches'predominant knowledge acquisition extends well beyond formal pathways,reaching into a broad spectrum of informal and self-directed learning environments.Furthermore,numerous studies indicate that the learning outcomes from informal pathways markedly surpass those of formal and non-formal alternatives,particularly given the substantial influence of coaches'practical experiences,mentorship,and collaborative discussions with peers on coaching proficiency.It is recommended that future research employs a methodology combining survey techniques and interviews to bolster localized studies,with a focus on efficiently integrating diverse coach learning pathways,unlocking the complementary potential of various paths,and thereby advancing coaching proficiency.